"The model is safe." "The filter is effective." "We red-teamed it and found nothing." "Wereviewed a sample and it looked fine." Each of those is a claim about evidence, and each is unfalsifiable as stated. Reviewing thirtyoutputs and finding no problems is consistent with a failure rate of one in eleven. Threehundred tests against a thousand possible failure modes leave seven hundred nobody looked at. This book supplies the missing arithmetic — and it was written without generating a singleharmful output to study.
Quantise the weights. Batch the requests. Add a draft model. Prune what you can. Shorten thecache. A long list of techniques and a short list of reasons. This book measures the reason first: the machine streams memory at 22.54 GB/s and computes at116.58 GFLOP/s, so anything performing fewer than 5.17 operations per byte is waiting. Decodingperforms 0.22. Every technique in the book is then measured against that one number — andseveral turn out to be addressing the wrong side of it.
Понятный иллюстрированный путеводитель по ключевым концепциям и практическим применениям больших языковых моделей. Идеально подходит для работы над проектами, подготовки к собеседованиям и самостоятельного обучения.
هذا الكتاب هو دليل مختصر وموضّح بالرسوم لأي شخص يرغب في فهم الآلية الداخلية للنماذج اللغوية الضخمة، سواء في سياق المقابلات أو المشاريع أو بدافع الفضول الشخصي.
The practitioner's guide to policy-space response oracles: one 84-line loop, one readable repository, and every claim backed by a committed experiment — including the ones that came out wrong.
Use LoRA because it forgets less. Keep the learning rate low. Mix in some general data. Stopearly. Four pieces of advice everyone repeats and almost nobody quantifies. This book measures each one — and two turn out to be doing something other than what they arecredited with. LoRA's retention is governed by a scaling constant, not by its parameterefficiency. Early stopping bounds the damage without separating it from the gain. Everyexperiment reports two numbers: the new task, and the capability you were not trying tochange.
Chunk at 500 with 50 of overlap. Retrieve five. Add a reranker. Use hybrid search.Repeated everywhere, justified almost nowhere. This book measures them instead, on corpora built so that the correct answer follows fromhow they were made. Several results contradicted the advice: the hybrid combination lost inevery condition tested, neither reranker produced an effect above the noise floor, andattribution collapsed to 0.170 while retrieval was still reporting 0.920.
Vector databases give you a similarity metric, an index with four tuning parameters, acompression option and a way to filter — and almost no guidance on what any of it costs. This book builds each one from scratch and measures it. The proximity graph, the invertedfile, the product quantiser: implemented in NumPy, included with the text, and checkedagainst exhaustive search — so every recall figure here is exact rather than estimated.
A machine can hand you a grouping that is confident, stable, internally consistent, and seven times worse than the one it found a moment earlier. Nothing in the output says so.This book works k-means through completely on twelve bakery customers, small enough that every number is printed and checkable. You will build the method from nothing, see exactly where it succeeds, and see exactly where it fails silently.Fifty-eight figures, every one captured from a running implementation.
Prompting has more advice than evidence. This book measures it instead: a model reading apattern it has never seen, the same model failing at a task in one pass and solving itperfectly in four, a decoder that guarantees a format instead of improving the odds, and amodel that is 2.4% accurate while 78.6% confident. Six central claims are built from scratch and measured on a single CPU core. Everythingtaken from published research sits in a grey box marked "Not measured here" — so you neverhave to guess which is which.
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