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Excerpt from chapter 2:
In most countries “contaminated land” is taken to describe a situation where levels of contamination are such that they cause a harmful impact, or there is a strong possibility of harmful impacts to human health, water, ecology or other “receptors” including buildings or buried services. This determination is typically based on risk assessment, for example in the UK where there is a significant possibility of significant harm. The risk assessment is based on the current or planned use of the site, which some uses (e.g., gardens) considered more sensitive than others (e.g., industrial sites). This understanding that possible causes of harm must be assessed (and if necessary managed on the basis of risk underpins contaminated land management policy and regulations in most countries that have developed land contamination policies [25], [26]. There are many other types of contaminants of land (and its waters).
The outcome of risk assessment is very dependent on the “receptors” being considered, and legal definitions of contaminated land can set thresholds , which are above levels known to have ecological effects such as on soil biology (see Figure 2.2).
There are multiple types of contamination issue, from PTEs and organic contaminants to concerns about antibiotics or elevated levels of plant nutrients. This book primarily focuses on contaminants conventionally considered in the legal determination of contaminated sites.
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About the Book
Sustainable and risk-based land management (SRBLM) is the current state of the art and best practice for contaminated sites management. It is based on the management of contaminated sites based on the risk of harm they present to different receptors, the wider environment) and the design of solutions that are optimised to minimise wider negative impacts and maximise wider sustainability gains.
The focus of this book is on-sites historically contaminated by toxic chemicals, where principles of sustainable and risk-based land management (SRBLM), the subject of this book, tend to be applied.
Radionuclides and macro-nutrients such as nitrate, are not discussed in detail in this book as these tend to be considered under different regulatory and policy regimes.
Asbestos contamination is also not covered in detail by this book.
Many of the remediation techniques used for dealing with contaminated sites, and indeed the broad SRBLM framework, are also applicable to the treatment of contaminated sediments. However, this is not a specific focus of this book.
About the Author
Professor Paul Bardos is a Chartered Environmentalist with more than 30 years of experience in soil science and biology; contaminated land and brownfields, waste treatment and risk management, particularly biological treatment technologies, sustainability assessment, soil and water issues. and is Managing Director of r3, which he established in 1997.
Prior to 1997 he worked with Nottingham Trent University and before that a UK government research institute, the Warren Spring Laboratory. He has worked with a wide range of clients in worldwide including multinationals, businesses, stakeholder networks and government agencies.
A visiting professor at the University of Reading and a visiting researcher at University of Southampton, Paul is also co-chair of the Steering Group of the cross-sectoral Sustainable Remediation Forum in the UK (www.claire.co.uk/surfuk); an author of the European NICOLE road map on sustainable remediation (www.nicole.org), and was a contributor to the International Standard ISO 2017:18504 Soil quality -- Guidance on sustainable remediation. Paul now has more than 300 publications to his name.Â
Paul provides technical support on eco-efficiency evaluation of production value chains in China. He is also an expert consultant for the Government of China and the World Bank on sustainable and risk based remediation for the World Bank.Â
He has consulted for the government agency AIST (Tokyo) for the sustainable reuse of contaminated soil in the impacted areas of Fukushima and has carried out a number of remediation project evaluations and audits for various authorities, Public and Private Sector clients around the world, including remediation sustainability assessment in the UK, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy and Poland.Â
Paul is a partner in several leading edge European (H2020 and HE) and Chinese R&D projects related to advanced bioremediation, production of biofibres on brownfields, re-use of soil and management of persistent organic pollutants.
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