Software development is the structured process of designing, building, testing, deploying, and maintaining software to meet specific user or business requirements. It encompasses a wide range of activities, from writing code to creating complex systems and applications.

Core Components of Software Development:

1. Requirement Analysis: Understanding the needs of users or organizations.
2. Design and Planning: Structuring the software's architecture and interfaces.
3. Implementation: Writing and compiling code using programming languages.
4. Testing and Debugging: Ensuring functionality and identifying flaws.
5. Deployment: Releasing the software for end-users.
6. Maintenance: Updating and improving software post-deployment.

Key Skills Required:

• Proficiency in programming languages.
• Problem-solving and logical thinking.
• Familiarity with development tools and methodologies.

1.2 History and Evolution of Software

The Early Days:

• 1940s: Software emerged as an abstract concept with the advent of programmable machines. Early programs were written in machine language (binary).
• 1950s: Introduction of assembly language and higher-level programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL.

Major Milestones in Evolution:

• 1960s-70s: Structured programming became prominent. Operating systems like UNIX were developed, and C programming laid the groundwork for modern software.
• 1980s: The personal computer revolution made software more accessible. GUI-based software became popular, with companies like Microsoft and Apple leading innovation.
• 1990s: The internet's rise brought web applications and Java, which enabled cross-platform compatibility.
• 2000s: Agile methodologies, open-source software, and mobile apps reshaped the industry.
• 2010s-Present: Cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and low-code platforms have revolutionized the development process.

Impact on Society:

Each phase of software evolution has expanded its accessibility and scope, making it an integral part of modern life.