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The Last Check (The Course)

A Junior Engineer's Field Guide to Working with Agents

The instructor has published 100% of this course.Last updated on 2026-11-03

Your agent writes the migration faster than you would, so most of the code you answer for this year is code you read. What piles up is comprehension debt: code you are accountable for and cannot explain. Twenty-five lessons, one exercise each, teach what transfers to the next model, the next codebase and the next job: what you are the last check on.

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About

About

About the Course

The job you were hired into changed while you were in it. Your agent writes the migration, the validation and the glue faster than you would, at any hour. So most of the code you are accountable for this year is code you read rather than code you wrote. That is a different skill from the one you were hired on, and it fails in a different way. It also removes the thing that used to build judgment for free. You can now ship a correct change to a system you could not draw on a napkin, and nothing in your week raises a hand. This course has a name for what accumulates: comprehension debt, meaning code you are accountable for and cannot explain. What is new is not that it exists. It is how fast you can take it on.

This is a field guide, indexed by the situation in front of you rather than by syllabus. Twenty-five lessons, and every one written to you ends in an exercise small enough for a Wednesday afternoon and never contingent on a manager saying yes. It rests on a small canon that predates the agent and will outlast it: Parnas on what a module should hide, Feathers on changing code that nothing tests, Evans on the word the business uses for a thing. The test for anything in here is whether the skill transfers to the next model, the next codebase and the next job. You do not need a job to use it. Most lessons also carry two short blocks, one for the engineer who already runs the move and one for whoever is mentoring them, and the last lesson is written for the person who runs hiring.

The cost, stated up front: about three and a half hours a week if you run all of it. There is a smaller version that costs a minute a change, and it is the part I would protect if everything else went. No course hands anybody judgment. What this one gives you is the vocabulary, the exercises and the order to run them in. The practice has to be yours, on code somebody is actually going to run. Seniority here is not tenure and it is not a title. It is what you are the last check on, and it is what you keep when the tools change again.

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Instructor

About the Instructor

Ian Johnson

Ian Johnson is a staff engineer at Parento, where he runs the engineering team's adoption of AI coding agents and the harness work that keeps that adoption from breaking in production. He owns and operates Fulcorum, a video learning platform that teaches agentic engineering. He wrote five open-source projects that support reliable AI output: Keystone, Open Refinery, Sigma, Ghola, and Gauge. He has been writing about this work at blog.tacoda.dev since 2024 via Medium and the DEV Community. He lives outside Austin with his family.

Material

Course Material

  • How to use this course

  • How to get this out of the course

  • Who this is for

  • What runs through every lesson

  • Exercise 1

  • What it costs, and where it stops

  • If you’re not the junior

  • Where to start

  • What the canon means here

  • What this course doesn’t do

  • The situation index

  • Quiz 1

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 1: The job you were hired into changed while you were in it

  • Exercise 2

  • The toll nobody called training

  • Exercise 3

  • The toll is optional now

  • Exercise 4

  • The uncomfortable version

  • Exercise 5

  • The arithmetic that makes this affordable

  • Exercise 6

  • What didn’t change

  • Exercise 7

  • The best tutor a junior has ever had

  • Exercise 8

  • Exercise 9

  • Quiz 2

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 2: Comprehension is the job, and it binds everyone

  • Exercise 10

  • Explaining isn’t summarizing the diff back

  • Exercise 11

  • The four claims

  • Exercise 12

  • The four levels, and the jump everybody skips

  • Exercise 13

  • It binds everyone

  • Exercise 14

  • CHARTER-GAP

  • Exercise 15

  • Quiz 3

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 3: What the team owes you, and how to tell in week one

  • Exercise 16

  • The charter is the best onboarding you’ve had

  • Exercise 17

  • When it can’t say why, the gap is theirs

  • Exercise 18

  • A red pipeline is the cheapest lesson in the building

  • Exercise 19

  • Three things to watch for, quietly

  • Exercise 20

  • When there’s none of it

  • Exercise 21

  • Quiz 4

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 4: Reading open source with an agent

  • Exercise 22

  • Picking the project

  • Exercise 23

  • The loop

  • Exercise 24

  • Reading for the canon, not for the code

  • Keeping the log

  • Exercise 25

  • What reading without stakes doesn’t build

  • Exercise 26

  • Quiz 5

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 5: The tools churn and the canon does not

  • Exercise 27

  • What the canon is

  • Exercise 28

  • The prediction that went the wrong way

  • Exercise 29

  • Amplification, with the numbers

  • Exercise 30

  • The compounding case

  • Exercise 31

  • What a vocabulary can’t do

  • Exercise 32

  • Quiz 6

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 6: The canon, indexed by situation

  • The card

  • Exercise 33

  • What each row is actually for

  • Exercise 34

  • Thirty pages, not four hundred

  • Reading it with the agent

  • Exercise 35

  • Quiz 7

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 7: Cold codebase, the first week on a system you cannot name

  • Exercise 36

  • The trace: one concept, entry point to last write

  • Exercise 37

  • The map: one page, by hand

  • Exercise 38

  • The question budget: twenty, and three kinds of answer

  • Exercise 39

  • The claim, and the memory test

  • Exercise 40

  • Three ways the week evaporates

  • Exercise 41

  • Exercise 42

  • Quiz 8

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 8: Seams, boundaries, and where a change lands

  • Exercise 43

  • Finding a seam

  • Exercise 44

  • The boundary that should exist and doesn’t

  • Exercise 45

  • Which way the arrows point

  • Exercise 46

  • Ports and adapters, used as a reading tool

  • Exercise 47

  • What the agent is good at here, and what it will get wrong

  • Exercise 48

  • Quiz 9

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 9: Names and boring code

  • Exercise 49

  • Deep or shallow, judged on a diff

  • Exercise 50

  • Simple isn’t easy, and boring wins under an agent

  • Exercise 51

  • The name that describes the implementation

  • Exercise 52

  • The rename move

  • Exercise 53

  • Pattern vocabulary is compression

  • Exercise 54

  • Quiz 10

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 10: Naming the failure shape

  • Exercise 55

  • The four moves

  • Exercise 56

  • The seven shapes

  • Policy inversion

  • Silent representation change

  • A test that can’t fail

  • Swallowed error

  • Scope creep

  • Invariant drift

  • Imitation of the wrong pattern

  • Exercise 57

  • Why the suite doesn’t save you

  • Exercise 58

  • Why seven and not seventy

  • Which of these stays yours

  • Exercise 59

  • The honest limit

  • Exercise 60

  • Writing your eighth

  • Exercise 61

  • Quiz 11

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 11: Predict, prove, classify

  • The prediction line

  • Exercise 62

  • The verdict goes down before the conversation

  • Exercise 63

  • Proof, and the line you’ll want to blur

  • Exercise 64

  • Classify it, because the class is what travels

  • Exercise 65

  • The rep sheet

  • Exercise 66

  • Running the rep alone

  • Exercise 67

  • Reading your own twelve weeks

  • Exercise 68

  • Saying you don’t know, in a way that counts

  • Exercise 69

  • Quiz 12

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 12: The test that proves nothing

  • Exercise 70

  • Guides and sensors

  • Exercise 71

  • Break it on purpose

  • Exercise 72

  • What the test is allowed to know

  • Exercise 73

  • The falsifier before the fix

  • Exercise 74

  • Four pillars, on Imani’s diff

  • Exercise 75

  • Flaky is a design signal, and coverage is a floor detector

  • Exercise 76

  • Quiz 13

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 13: The hunt

  • Exercise 77

  • Bound it, then let the arithmetic work

  • Exercise 78

  • The five lies

  • Exercise 79

  • When there’s no clean test

  • Exercise 80

  • The location isn’t the finding

  • Exercise 81

  • Why the drill closes the agent and the incident doesn’t

  • Exercise 82

  • Exercise 83

  • Quiz 14

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 14: Ask what the rule is, not what the algorithm is

  • Exercise 84

  • Why the model can’t have this

  • Exercise 85

  • Reaching for the rule before the algorithm

  • Exercise 86

  • When the code’s word and the room’s word drift apart

  • Exercise 87

  • Finding the rule when nothing in the repository answers

  • Exercise 88

  • Writing it down so the next person doesn’t have to ask

  • Exercise 89

  • The gap you record in month two

  • Exercise 90

  • Assuming isn’t the problem

  • Exercise 91

  • Quiz 15

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 15: Characterize before you change

  • Exercise 92

  • Pinning is not endorsing

  • Exercise 93

  • Let the agent write them, then check the one thing

  • Exercise 94

  • When you can’t see the behavior

  • Exercise 95

  • The agent’s favorite mistake here

  • Exercise 96

  • Read Feathers, all of it

  • Exercise 97

  • Quiz 16

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 16: Never in the same commit

  • Exercise 98

  • The rule, and why it’s not fussiness

  • Exercise 99

  • Why the agent mixes them

  • Exercise 100

  • Read the ticket, then the diff

  • Exercise 101

  • Splitting a mixed diff after the fact

  • Exercise 102

  • What the split buys

  • Exercise 103

  • Exercise 104

  • Quiz 17

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 17: Small, reversible, and still releasable

  • Exercise 105

  • The cheapest scope test there is

  • Exercise 106

  • Reversible is the property to optimize

  • Exercise 107

  • When your change stops being ordinary

  • Exercise 108

  • Every commit releasable, when you didn’t type the commit

  • Exercise 109

  • Exercise 110

  • Quiz 18

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 18: Legacy, migrations, and the codebase with two right answers

  • Exercise 111

  • Pin, check, then hand over

  • Exercise 112

  • Two right answers, and you’re told to follow the minority one

  • Exercise 113

  • The agent gets more confident as the migration goes worse

  • Exercise 114

  • Codemod or decision

  • Exercise 115

  • When the migration lands on you

  • Exercise 116

  • Quiz 19

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 19: Driving

  • Exercise 117

  • The five questions

  • Exercise 118

  • Pacing, not skill levels

  • Exercise 119

  • Choosing the pace for the work, not for your ego

  • Exercise 120

  • Context is a budget, not a vault

  • Exercise 121

  • Stop and restart

  • Exercise 122

  • Prompts that carry the falsifier

  • Exercise 123

  • The thing you’re better at than your senior

  • Exercise 124

  • Quiz 20

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 20: The capability ladder, from your side

  • Four rungs, from open to hidden

  • Exercise 125

  • Asking for a command

  • Exercise 126

  • The cheapest rung that holds

  • Exercise 127

  • The description is a contract

  • Exercise 128

  • Every tool is a capability grant

  • Exercise 129

  • Quiz 21

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 21: Your first charter contribution

  • Exercise 130

  • Feedforward and feedback

  • Exercise 131

  • The third surface, which is the code you already have

  • Exercise 132

  • Choosing the altitude

  • Exercise 133

  • Writing the rule from an incident

  • Exercise 134

  • Deleting a rule

  • Exercise 135

  • Your confusion is the team’s missing onboarding

  • Exercise 136

  • Holding the rule when somebody finds it inconvenient

  • Exercise 137

  • Quiz 22

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 22: What you are the last check on

  • Exercise 138

  • The five rungs, and the artifact for each

  • Exercise 139

  • Reading your own rung honestly

  • Exercise 140

  • What each rung asks you to get comfortable with

  • Exercise 141

  • Why the order holds, and what to do when your job blocks a rung

  • The rung isn’t the permission

  • Exercise 142

  • When your team has no ladder

  • Exercise 143

  • One rung at a time

  • Exercise 144

  • Quiz 23

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 23: Keep the evidence as you go

  • Exercise 145

  • Six classes, and what each one argues for

  • Exercise 146

  • The rejection log

  • Exercise 147

  • The cost had you been wrong

  • Exercise 148

  • Put the failures near the top

  • Exercise 149

  • The strongest version isn’t a private file

  • Exercise 150

  • Reconstructing a year you didn’t log

  • Exercise 151

  • Two ways this turns into theater

  • Exercise 152

  • Exercise 153

  • Quiz 24

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 24: Three years, and the next thing that changes

  • Exercise 154

  • What the first three years are for

  • Exercise 155

  • The one move

  • What in this course expires

  • Exercise 156

  • What doesn’t

  • From the other chair

  • Exercise 157

  • The second decade

  • Quiz 25

    3 attempts allowed

  • Lesson 25: The interview has to change

  • Start with the strongest argument against hiring at all

  • Exercise 158

  • The signal that broke

  • Exercise 159

  • What the job is now

  • Exercise 160

  • What to run instead

  • Exercise 161

  • Five things to stop asking

  • Exercise 162

  • Five things worth more than they used to be

  • Exercise 163

  • The part the interview can’t do

  • Exercise 164

  • The other half, which is cheaper than the interview

  • Exercise 165

  • One change, if you only make one

  • Quiz 26

    3 attempts allowed

  • Appendix: twelve weeks

  • The four standing habits

  • Exercise 166

  • The twelve weeks

  • The nine situational moves

  • Exercise 167

  • If you have no job

  • After twelve weeks

  • Quiz 27

    3 attempts allowed

  • Sources

  • The card

  • Cited elsewhere in this course

  • Claims in this course with nothing behind them but my own use

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