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From Furnace to Footprint

Product Carbon Footprints for Steel A Practical ISO 14067 Training Guide

From Furnace to Footprint
This book is 100% completeLast updated on 2026-09-28

Can you trace every tonne of CO₂e from the furnace to the finished steel product—and defend the result? Learn ISO 14067 through worked calculations, three steelmaking routes, and a complete industrial case study.

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About

About the Book

About the Book

From Furnace to Footprint is a practice-oriented training book for engineers, sustainability professionals, consultants and technical reviewers who need to work with product greenhouse gas data in industrial settings. Its central example is the fictional Delta Steel Group, whose integrated BF–BOF, scrap–EAF and DRI–EAF routes let the reader follow the same decisions from goal and scope through material balances, source data, calculation and interpretation.

The ten core levels move from GHG accounting and life-cycle assessment foundations to steel-process calculations, product studies, data quality, reproducible calculation systems, a standards and CBAM crosswalk, and a consulting capstone. Worked examples expose the reference flows, assumptions and intermediate arithmetic. Exercises and diagnostic quizzes let readers test each step; Appendix B contains the worked answers, while Appendix A records the sources, symbols, assumptions and numerical lineage.

The Delta Steel Group figures are teaching models, not measurements of operating plants. The book distinguishes published reference values from invented inputs and identifies where a partial or selected-source result stops. It does not reproduce the licensed text of ISO 14067 or turn an example into a verified CFP, an Environmental Product Declaration or a CBAM declaration. For a real assignment, the practitioner must obtain facility and supplier evidence, apply the relevant licensed standards and product rules, and check the regulation in force for the reporting period.

Author

About the Author

Ahmed Samir Farag

Eng. Ahmed Samir Farag

Eng. Ahmed Samir Farag is a Mechanical Power Engineer and a CBAM & Decarbonization Strategy Advisor based in Egypt. my work sits where three fields meet — heavy industrial operations, greenhouse gas accounting and carbon regulation — and that position shapes the way this book is written: every concept is tied to a measurement, a calculation and a decision that a real facility has to make.

I am a Certified Carbon Footprint Auditor, officially accredited by the Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality (EOS), Egypt's national standards body. This gives him direct experience of GHG assertions from the auditor's side of the table: the evidence a verifier asks for, the gaps that lead to findings, and what makes an inventory defensible.

As CBAM & Decarbonization Strategy Advisor at Ta-meri Systems LLC, he leads the development of three industrial carbon platforms: SteelCarbon, for ISO 14064-1 organization-level GHG inventories; CBAMCalc, for compliance under the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (Regulation (EU) 2023/956); and CemIntelligence, for life cycle assessment and Environmental Product Declarations for cement under EN 15804+A2.

I advise Egyptian steel and cement producers on GHG inventories, CBAM readiness and decarbonization pathways. my engagements range from rebuilding an entire inventory at the level of individual evidence items and defending it before an audit, to feasibility studies on renewable power, green hydrogen and carbon capture for EAF steelmaking and cement kilns. I write my board-level recommendations in both English and Arabic.

I am completing a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) specializing in strategic decarbonization.my research takes the same practitioner view as this book: a framework counts only if a plant can apply it.

I wrote this book for the professional I wished I could have hired earlier in my career — one who understands the standard clause by clause, calculates emissions correctly the first time, and can defend every number in front of a verifier.

Contents

Table of Contents

Contents From Furnace to Footprint 1 About the Book 1 Contents at a Glance 1 Reference Framework and Foundations 1 L01-M01-01 — Course Orientation & Rapid Recalibration of GHG, CO₂e, GWP, and Scope Fundamentals 1 L01-M01-02 — From Corporate Inventory to Life-Cycle Thinking: Introducing LCA and the Product Carbon Footprint Concept 1 L01-M02-01 — Why a Product Footprint Is Not a Corporate Inventory: The Core Machinery 1 L01-M02-02 — Level 1 Diagnostic Quiz & Foundational Calibration Summary 1 Level 2 Preview — Life-Cycle Assessment and Steel Manufacturing Fundamentals 1 L02-M01-01 — LCA Fundamentals I: Goal & Scope Definition, Functional Unit Selection Criteria, System Boundary Types 1 L02-M01-02 — LCA Fundamentals II: Life-Cycle Inventory Construction, Data Collection Strategy, Cut-off Criteria 1 L02-M01-03 — LCA Fundamentals III: Allocation Procedures Deepened, Multifunctionality Problems 1 L02-M02-01 — Steel Engineering I: Raw Materials 1 L02-M02-02 — Steel Engineering II: Ironmaking — BF Route and DRI Route 1 L02-M02-03 — Steel Engineering III: Steelmaking — BOF and EAF 1 L02-M02-04 — Steel Engineering IV: Casting, Rolling, and Finishing 1 L02-M02-05 — Steel Engineering V: Utilities and By-Products 1 L02-M03-01 — Synthesis: Applying LCA Structure to a Steel Manufacturing System 1 Summary — Level 2 Complete 1 Level 3 Overview — ISO 14067 Framework 1 L03-M01-01 — Purpose, Scope, and Relationship to ISO 14040/44 and the ISO 14060-Series 1 L03-M01-02 — Core Concepts Formalized Under ISO 14067 1 L03-M02-01 — GHG Sources, Sinks, Emissions, and Removals 1 L03-M02-02 — Fossil and Biogenic Carbon; Land-Use-Related Emissions and Removals 1 L03-M02-03 — Characterization to CO₂e and Data Quality Under ISO 14067 1 L03-M03-01 — Allocation, Recycling, Co-Products, and Waste Under ISO 14067 1 L03-M03-02 — Reporting, Interpretation, Limitations, and Comparability 1 Summary — Level 3 Complete 1 Level 4 Overview — Mathematical, Chemical & LCA Calculation Foundations 1 L04-M01-01 — Chemistry I: Atomic/Molecular Weights, Carbon Oxidation, Combustion 1 L04-M01-02 — Chemistry II: Reduction, Carbothermic Reduction, Fuel Chemistry, Carbon Content 1 L04-M01-03 — Chemistry III: Stoichiometry and Carbon Balance 1 L04-M02-01 — LCA Mathematics I: Activity Data × Emission Factor, Mass Balance, Energy Balance 1 L04-M02-02 — LCA Mathematics II: Material Yield, Conversion Factors, Dry/Wet Basis, Moisture Corrections 1 L04-M02-03 — LCA Mathematics III: Transport Tonne-km, Electricity Consumption 1 L04-M03-01 — Allocation and Recycling Mathematics 1 L04-M04-01 — Aggregation and Characterization Mathematics 1 Summary — Level 4 Complete 1 Level 5 Overview — ISO 14067 Product Carbon Footprint Quantification Methodology 1 L05-M01-01 — The Book’s 17-Step Workflow, Part I: Steps 1–8 1 L05-M01-02 — The Book’s 17-Step Workflow, Part II: Steps 9–17 1 L05-M02-01 — Delta Integrated Steel Coil Model, Part I 1 L05-M02-02 — Delta Integrated Steel Coil Model, Part II — Allocation Scenarios 1 L05-M03-01 — Cradle-to-Grave Extensions: Use Phase, End-of-Life, Carbon Storage 1 L05-M03-02 — Partial CFP and Gate-to-Gate Modules 1 Summary — Level 5 Complete 1 L06-M01-01 — Complete Industrial Source Register, Part I: Fuels, Utilities, Primary Sources 1 L06-M01-02 — Complete Industrial Source Register, Part II: Materials, Electrodes, Transport, By-Products 1 L06-M02-01 — Data Quality Dimensions, Formalized 1 L06-M02-02 — Data Sourcing Strategy 1 L06-M02-03 — Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Product-Footprint vs. Corporate-Inventory Data Quality 1 Summary — Level 6 Complete 1 Level 7 Overview — Complete Steel Product Case Studies 1 L07-M01-01 — Case Study 1 (BF–BOF), Part I: Slab and Hot-Rolled Coil 1 L07-M01-02 — Case Study 1 (BF–BOF), Part II: Plate and Cross-Product Comparison 1 L07-M02-01 — Case Study 2 (Scrap-EAF), Part I: Ladle Metallurgy and Billet 1 L07-M02-02 — Case Study 2 (Scrap–EAF), Part II: Rebar and Wire Rod 1 L07-M02-03 — Case Study 2 (Scrap–EAF), Part III: Six Sensitivity Demonstrations 1 L07-M03-01 — Case Study 3 (DRI–EAF), Part I: DRI as a Standalone Product 1 L07-M03-02 — Case Study 3 (DRI–EAF), Part II: Finished Rebar Product Model 1 Summary — Level 7 Complete 1 Level 8 Preview — Software Implementation and Calculation Assurance 1 L08-M01-01 — Product Study Data Model and Source Lineage 1 L08-M01-02 — Emission Factor and Characterization Services 1 L08-M02-01 — Reference Flows and Physical Balance Checks 1 L08-M02-02 — Allocation, Recycling and Boundary Scenarios 1 L08-M03-01 — Quality Tests, Change Control and Reproducibility 1 L08-M03-02 — Verification-Ready Data Package and Reviewer Interface 1 Summary — Level 8 Complete 1 Level 9 Preview — Standards and CBAM Methodological Crosswalk 1 L09-M01-01 — Four Different Accounting Questions 1 L09-M01-02 — Comparison Conditions and Communication Limits 1 L09-M02-01 — CBAM Scope CN Good and Reporting Unit 1 L09-M02-02 — Steel Routes Precursors and Emissions Attribution 1 L09-M03-01 — Reconcile CFP Steel Intensity and CBAM Datasets 1 Summary — Level 9 Complete 1 Level 10 Preview — Consulting Practice and Capstone 1 L10-M01-01 — Client Brief Goal and Scope 1 L10-M01-02 — Data Collection and Gap Closure 1 L10-M02-01 — Calculation Interpretation and Client Reporting 1 L10-M02-02 — Review Readiness and Client Handover 1 L10-M03-01 — Capstone Assignment — The Delta Works Dossier 1 L10-M03-02 — Capstone Worked Solution and Assessment Rubric 1 Summary — Level 10 Complete 1 Whole-Course Completion — Scientific Draft 1 Appendix A — Scientific Reference and Data Apparatus 1 Appendix B — Answer Key and Worked Solutions 1 About the Author 1

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