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Wired Protocols in Embedded Systems

A Comprehensive Guide to Wired Embedded Protocols

Aliaksandr Kavalchuk

"Wired Protocols in Embedded Systems" is your essential guide to understanding how wired communication works in embedded systems. From UART and SPI to I²C and CAN, this book explains the core principles, advantages, and limitations of each protocol. Whether you're an embedded engineer, firmware developer, or Arduino enthusiast, you'll gain the knowledge needed to choose and implement the right protocol for your project.

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About

About

About the Book

"Wired Protocols in Embedded Systems" is a comprehensive guide to the fundamental principles and implementations of wired communication protocols in embedded systems. It covers the essential concepts of data transmission and protocol structures, providing a deep understanding of how different communication standards operate.

What’s Inside:

  • Fundamentals of Wired Communication – Voltage levels, pull-up/pull-down resistors, output stages, and their impact on signal transmission.
  • Intra-Board Protocols – In-depth coverage of 1-Wire, UART, SPI, I²C, and I³C, including their physical layers, timing, and data transfer mechanisms.
  • External Communication Protocols – Insights into RS-485, CAN, USB, and Ethernet, explaining their key characteristics and use cases.

This book is designed for embedded engineers, firmware developers, and anyone interested in understanding the details of wired communication protocols. It will also be valuable for Arduino enthusiasts and hobbyists working with microcontrollers, sensors, and electronic modules that require reliable wired communication. Whether you are designing new embedded systems, integrating existing communication interfaces, or experimenting with hardware projects, Wired Protocols in Embedded Systems provides a solid foundation for making informed decisions.

This book is structured to guide you through the principles, implementations, and best practices of wired communication in embedded systems. By the end of this book, you will not only understand the technical details but also gain the confidence to apply this knowledge in your projects and professional work.

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Computers and ProgrammingComputer ScienceEngineeringEmbedded SystemsArduino

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Author

About the Author

Aliaksandr Kavalchuk

Contents

Table of Contents

  • Wired Protocols in Embedded Systems
  • Intro
    • Who Is This Book For?
    • Feedback
    • Support
  • PART 1. Introduction
  • Introduction into Communication Protocols
    • Classification of Communication Protocols
      • By Data Transmission Medium
      • By Ability for Simultaneous Transmission and Reception
      • By Synchronization
      • By the Number of Bits Transmitted Simultaneously
    • Importance of Communication Protocols
  • Basics
    • Voltage Levels
      • TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic)
      • CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)
    • Pull-Up and Pull-Down Resistors
      • Pull-Up Resistors
      • Pull-Down Resistors
    • Selecting the Resistor Value
      • The Impact of Power Consumption on Resistor Selection
      • The Effect of Signal Speed on Resistor Value Selection
    • Types of Output Stages
      • Push-Pull Output Stage
      • Open-Drain Output Stage
    • Wired AND Connection
    • Conclusion
  • PART 2. Intra-board Communication Protocols
  • 1-Wire
    • Overview
    • Bus Connection
    • High-Level Data Transfer
      • Frame Format
        • Commands
          • Standard Mandatory Commands
          • Standard Optional Commands
          • Functional commands
        • Addressing
      • Examples of Command Sequences
        • Match ROM Command Example
        • Skip ROM Command Example
          • Skip ROM Example (Single Slave on the Bus)
          • Skip ROM Example (Multiple Slaves)
        • Read ROM Command Example
        • Overdrive Match ROM Command Example
        • Overdrive Skip ROM Command Example
          • Overdrive Skip ROM Example (Single Slave on the Bus)
          • Overdrive Skip ROM Example (Multiple Slaves)
        • Resume Command Example
    • Low-Level Data Transfer
      • Time Slots
        • Reset Sequence
        • Bit Timeslots
          • Master Write Time Slots
            • Write-1 Time Slot
            • Write-0 Time Slot
          • Master Read Time Slots
            • Read-1 Time Slot
            • Read-0 Time Slot
    • Physical Layer
      • Data Exchange Mechanism
      • Parasitic Power
        • Recovery Time
          • Recalculating recovery time for a Bus With One Slave
          • Recalculating recovery time for a Bus With Multiple Slaves
        • Strong Pullup
    • Devices Search Algorithm (ROM)
      • Search ROM Command Example
    • Device Search Algorithm (Alarm)
    • Conclusion
    UART
    • Overview
    • Device Connection
    • UART Frame Format
      • Start Bit
      • Data Bits
      • Parity Bit
      • Stop Bit
      • Frame Example
    • Data Transmission Parameters
      • Baud Rate
      • Number of Data Bits
      • Parity Bit
      • Number of Stop Bits
    • Flow Control in UART
      • Hardware Flow Control
      • Software Flow Control
    • Physical Layer
      • Data Transmission
      • Data Reception
        • Problems in Data Reception
          • Line Noise and Interference
          • Receiver Sampling Frequency Drift
          • Clock Jitter
        • Techniques for Improving Reception
          • Oversampling
          • Majority Vote
    • 1-Wire Simulation
      • Connection Schematics
        • Discrete Component Driver
        • Driver Using a Specialized IC
    • Time Slot Simulation
      • RESET Time Slot Simulation
      • Write Time Slots Simulation
      • Read Time Slots Simulation
    • Conclusion
    SPI
    • Overview
    • Connection
      • Simplex
      • Half-duplex
      • Full-duplex
    • Data Exchange Principle
      • Shift Register
      • SPI Data Exchange Principle
      • Clock Polarity (CPOL)
      • Clock Phase (CPHA)
    • Operating Modes
      • Mode 0
      • Mode 1
      • Mode 2
      • Mode 3
    • Multi-slave Configurations
      • Multi-independent subnode configuration
      • Daisy-Chain Configuration
    • Physical Layer
    • SPI Extensions
      • Dual-SPI
      • Quad-SPI
    • Conclusion
    • I²C
    • Overview
    • Connection
    • Data Transfer. High Level
      • Frame format
      • Exchange Procedure
      • Exchange Examples
        • Write Data
        • Read Data
    • Repeated Start Condition
    • Addressing
      • Addressing Modes
        • 7-bit Addressing
        • 10-bit Addressing
      • Reserved Addresses
        • General Call Address
        • START Byte
        • Compatibility with CBUS
        • High Speed Master Code
    • Data Transfer. Low Level
      • START Condition
      • STOP Condition
      • Data Exchange
      • Acknowledge (ACK/NACK)
      • Exchange Examples
        • Write Data
        • Read Data
    • Clock Stretching
    • Multi-Master
      • Clock Synchronization
      • Arbitration
    • Physical Layer
      • Standard and Fast Modes
      • High Speed Mode
        • Hardware Implementation
        • Duty Cycle Modification
        • Protocol Changes
        • Exchange Example
    • Conclusion
  • I³C
  • PART 3. External Communication Protocols
  • RS-422/485
  • CAN
  • USB
  • Ethernet

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