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Unexpected Histories

Volume 3: The Secret in Arlington

For nearly fifty years, a secret hid on a tombstone in Arlington National Cemetery. William Friedman founded NSA cryptography. His wife Elizebeth broke Nazi Enigma codes. When she designed their headstone, she encoded his initials in the inscription using the same Bacon cipher they'd studied together in 1918.

Nobody noticed until 2017.

This volume explores hidden messages and buried truths across three centuries. The title essay traces Elizebeth Friedman's classified work that was kept secret because J. Edgar Hoover claimed credit. "Return With Honor" dissects Wikipedia disinformation about the military Code of Conduct, demonstrating how subtle deflection works and how to detect it. "The Salem Trials" connects the author's genealogy to original 1692 court documents, correcting myths that persist to this day.

Three essays. Three hidden stories. One thread: the difference between what happened and what we're told.

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About

About

About the Book

For nearly fifty years, a secret hid in plain sight on a tombstone in Arlington National Cemetery. The grave belonged to William and Elizebeth Friedman. He was the founding cryptographer of the NSA; she was the woman who broke Nazi Enigma codes for the Coast Guard. In 2017, a visitor noticed the inscription "Knowledge Is Power" used two different fonts. Some letters had serifs. Others did not.


The widow had encoded her husband's initials using the Bacon cipher they'd studied together on their first day working side by side in 1918.


This volume explores hidden messages, buried truths, and the work of separating fact from fiction.


The Secret in Arlington traces Elizebeth Friedman's path from breaking rum runner codes during Prohibition to cracking Nazi Enigma, work that remained classified for decades because J. Edgar Hoover took credit for her accomplishments.


Return With Honor examines the military Code of Conduct born from Korean War POW experiences, then dissects a case study in Wikipedia disinformation. The author, drawing on personal SERE training, shows how subtle deflection works, and how specialized knowledge helps detect it.


The Salem Trials draws on the author's genealogical connections to both accused witches and their defenders, using original 1692 court documents to correct myths that persist three centuries later.


What happened matters. So does who controls the story.

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Author

About the Author

Edward W. Barnard

No Time to Be Beginners

What was it like to stand in the breach, with nobody else to take the decisions, and do-overs are too late? Margaret Hamilton, the first programmer hired for the Apollo project at MIT, explained:

Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. We had to find a way and we did. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers; no time to be beginners.

During the Cold War when it was "nobody but us," our decisions and solutions were shaped by constraints. At Cray Research constraints and barriers pointed us to the best point of leverage. To remain the best in the world, we had no other option. But before considering leverage, we carefully identified and proved relevant capabilities. Those capabilities showed us what solutions might be plausible. We also found that if it wasn't fun, it probably was not worth doing.

This forced way of working, where responsibility could not be abstracted away, has been mostly lost to time.

My Role as Custodian of Lost Skills

I am bringing you those skills because they were never passed to the next generation. I created a primary source document showing what it was like: Nobody but Us: A History of Cray Research's Software and the Building of the World's Fastest Supercomputer. But I wrote a second primary source, reproducing the Cray Research skills for you right now, in 2026. The Wizard's Lens: Learn to Think Like AI is an apprenticeship drawing you in to experience, not merely read about, how we continuously "achieved the impossible" at Cray Research.

Those Cray Research skills did not begin with software, or even hardware. They began outdoors. Experiential education, with real risks and real consequences, has also been abstracted away. That is where judgement is formed. For this I wrote Surviving Spring Break on the Mountain: The Power of Experiential Education.

Pure Entertainment

If it isn't fun, it probably isn't worth doing. I continued practicing the most important debugging skill I know: spotting patterns and connections that others miss. I wrote Unexpected Histories to show you shifted perspectives, purely for entertainment, but showing real history that matters today. In each case, once you see it, you cannot "un-see" it.

Leanpub Podcast

Episode 317

An Interview with Edward W. Barnard

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