Advanced Web Application Architecture
Advanced Web Application Architecture
About the Book
Looking for a print edition? It's available on Lulu.
"A practical guide on providing you a breakthrough in your architectural skills to build web applications in an adaptive & sustainable manner." -- Mohammad Emran Hasan
Web applications deserve to outlive the currently fashionable framework. Your application's core use cases deserve to be decoupled from their surrounding infrastructure. And all of your domain-specific code needs to be testable; it has to be tested after all.
This book helps you get your web applications back in shape. It contains many techniques for decoupling from infrastructure (like the framework, the database, or remote web services). In Part 1 we unlock a collection of design patterns which help you establish a clean separation between core and infrastructure code. Part 2 shows how these design patterns resonate at a higher level with architectural concepts like layers, ports and adapters (a.k.a. Hexagonal architecture). The book finishes with a discussion of testing strategies and design trade-offs.
What you'll learn
- Separating mixed code into core and infrastructure code by refactoring into patterns
- Dividing your code into layers, and making a clear distinction between an application's ports and adapters
- Testing decoupled applications
Each chapter comes with exercises to test your understanding.
This is a book for experienced web developers. Code samples are written in PHP and are easy to follow by developers who write code in other OOP dialects, like C#, Java, etc.
"The best guide that brings your coding and architecture skills a level up. All the modern PHP features combined with the elegance of a well designed modular design." -- José María Valera Reales
There is an accompanying real-world project that showcases the design techniques and principles explained in this book. For a one-time fee you get access to this project, including any future updates. Subscribe at https://enjoy.gitstore.app/repositories/matthiasnoback/read-with-the-author.
"The author achieves what most others don't - making the core idea so simple that it is near impossible for the reader to get wrong. The only architecture book I would recommend even to my junior colleagues." -- Ondřej Bouda
About the Author
Packages
The Book
With this package you get a copy of the book, including any of its future updates.
PDF
EPUB
MOBI
English
The Book: Team license
With this package you get 5 copies of the book, including any of its future updates.
PDF
EPUB
MOBI
English
The Book: Enterprise license
With this package you get 10 copies of the book, including any of its future updates.
PDF
EPUB
MOBI
English
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- 1 Preface
- 2 Why is decoupling from infrastructure so important?
- 3 Who is this book for?
- 4 Overview of the contents
- 5 The accompanying demo project
- 6 About the author
- 7 Acknowledgements
- 8 Complementary e-book copy
- I Decoupling from infrastructure
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Rule no 1: No dependencies on external systems
- 1.2 Abstraction
- 1.3 Rule no 2: No special context needed
- 1.4 Summary
- Exercises
- 2 The domain model
- 2.1 SQL statements all over the place
- 2.2 Trying to fix it with a table data gateway
- 2.3 Designing an entity
- 2.4 Introducing a repository
- 2.5 Mapping entity data to table columns
- 2.5.1 Using an ORM
- 2.5.2 Manual mapping
- 2.6 Generating the identifier earlier
- 2.6.1 Using UUIDs instead of (auto-)incrementing integer IDs
- 2.7 Using a value object for the identifier
- 2.8 Active Record versus Data Mapper
- 2.9 Summary
- Exercises
- 3 Read models and view models
- 3.1 Reusing the write model
- 3.2 Creating a separate read model
- 3.3 Read model repository implementations
- 3.3.1 Sharing the underlying data source
- 3.3.2 Using write model domain events
- 3.4 Using value objects with internal read models
- 3.5 A specific type of read model: the view model
- 3.6 Using view models for APIs
- 3.7 Summary
- Exercises
- 4 Application services
- 4.1 Considering other infrastructures
- 4.2 Designing a use case to be reusable
- 4.3 Extracting an application service
- 4.4 Introducing a parameter object
- 4.5 Dealing with multiple steps
- 4.6 Summary
- Exercises
- 5 Service locators
- 5.1 From service location to explicit dependencies
- 5.2 Depending on global state
- 5.3 Injecting dependencies
- 5.4 Injecting configuration values
- 5.5 Using method arguments for job-specific data
- 5.6 Clients of reusable services
- 5.7 Testing
- 5.8 Effective testing
- 5.9 The Composition root is near the entry point
- 5.10 Summary
- Exercises
- 6 External services
- 6.1 Connecting to the external service
- 6.2 Introducing an abstraction
- 6.3 Architectural advantages
- 6.4 Testing
- 6.5 Summary
- Exercises
- 7 Time and randomness
- 7.1 Passing current time and random data as method arguments
- 7.2 Introducing factories
- 7.3 Introducing value objects
- 7.4 Improving the factories
- 7.5 Manipulating the current time
- 7.6 Integration tests again
- 7.7 Summary
- Exercises
- 8 Validation
- 8.1 Protecting entity state
- 8.2 Using value objects to validate separate values
- 8.3 Form validation
- 8.4 Using exceptions to talk to users
- 8.5 When validation is not the answer
- 8.6 Creating and validating command objects
- 8.7 Summary
- Exercises
- 9 Conclusion
- 9.1 Core code and infrastructure code
- 9.2 A summary of the strategy
- 9.2.1 Use dependency injection and inversion everywhere
- 9.2.2 Make use cases universally invokable
- 9.3 Focus on the domain
- 9.4 Focus on testability
- 9.5 Pure object-oriented code
- 9.6 Summary
- 1 Introduction
- II Organizing principles
- 10 Introduction
- 11 Key design patterns
- 11.1 Framework-inspired structural elements
- 11.2 Entities
- 11.2.1 Protect invariants
- 11.2.2 Constrain updates
- 11.2.3 Model state changes as actions with state transitions
- 11.2.4 Don't think too much about tables
- 11.2.5 Record domain events
- 11.3 Repositories
- 11.4 Application services
- 11.4.1 Return the identifier of a new entity
- 11.4.2 Input should be defined as primitive-type data
- 11.4.3 Wrap input inside command objects
- 11.4.4 Translate primitive input to domain objects
- 11.4.5 Add contextual information as extra arguments
- 11.4.6 Save only one entity per application service call
- 11.4.7 Move secondary tasks to a domain event subscriber
- 11.5 Event subscribers
- 11.5.1 Move subscribers to the module where they produce their effect
- 11.5.2 Delegate to an application service
- 11.6 Read models
- 11.6.1 Use internal read models when you need information
- 11.6.2 Choose a standard implementation for the repository
- 11.6.3 For view models, prepare the data for rendering
- 11.7 Process modelling
- 11.8 Summary
- 12 Architectural layers
- 12.1 MVC
- 12.2 A standard set of layers
- 12.2.1 The infrastructure layer
- 12.2.2 The application layer
- 12.2.3 The domain layer
- 12.2.4 Up and down the layer stack
- 12.3 The Dependency rule
- 12.4 Making layers tangible
- 12.4.1 Documenting the architecture
- 12.4.2 Using namespaces for layering
- 12.4.3 Automated verification of design decisions
- 12.5 Summary
- Exercises
- 13 Ports and adapters
- 13.1 Hexagonal architecture
- 13.2 Ports
- 13.3 Adapters for outgoing ports
- 13.4 Adapters for incoming ports
- 13.5 The application as an interface
- 13.6 Combining ports and adapters with layers
- 13.7 Structuring the Infrastructure layer
- 13.8 Summary
- Exercises
- 14 A testing strategy for decoupled applications
- 14.1 Unit tests
- 14.2 Adapter tests
- 14.3 Contract tests for outgoing port adapters
- 14.4 Driving tests for incoming port adapters
- 14.5 Use case tests
- 14.6 End-to-end tests
- 14.7 Development workflow
- 14.8 Summary
- Exercises
- 15 Conclusion
- 15.1 Is a decoupled architecture the right choice for all projects?
- 15.2 My application is not supposed to live longer than two years
- 15.3 My application offers only CRUD functionality
- 15.4 My application is a legacy application
- 15.5 I can never make my entire application decoupled
- 15.6 Isn't this over-engineering?
The Leanpub 45-day 100% Happiness Guarantee
Within 45 days of purchase you can get a 100% refund on any Leanpub purchase, in two clicks.
See full terms
Do Well. Do Good.
Authors have earned$10,791,672writing, publishing and selling on Leanpub, earning 80% royalties while saving up to 25 million pounds of CO2 and up to 46,000 trees.
Learn more about writing on Leanpub
Free Updates. DRM Free.
If you buy a Leanpub book, you get free updates for as long as the author updates the book! Many authors use Leanpub to publish their books in-progress, while they are writing them. All readers get free updates, regardless of when they bought the book or how much they paid (including free).
Most Leanpub books are available in PDF (for computers), EPUB (for phones and tablets) and MOBI (for Kindle). The formats that a book includes are shown at the top right corner of this page.
Finally, Leanpub books don't have any DRM copy-protection nonsense, so you can easily read them on any supported device.
Learn more about Leanpub's ebook formats and where to read them
Top Books
- #1
Aprendiendo Git
Miguel Angel Durán GarcíaGit no es complicado... ¡Si lo entiendes! 😜
¿Sientes que sabes usarlo porque has memorizado todos los comandos que necesitas? ¡Pero no entiendes qué hace cada cosa y por qué! Así es normal que, cuando exista un problema, te cueste resolverlo.
¡Con este libro vas a entender de una vez por todas todo lo que es Git y cómo sacarle provecho!
- #2
C++20
Rainer GrimmC++20 is the next big C++ standard after C++11. As C++11 did it, C++20 changes the way we program modern C++. This change is, in particular, due to the big four of C++20: ranges, coroutines, concepts, and modules.
- #3
Introducing EventStorming
Alberto BrandoliniThe deepest tutorial and explanation about EventStorming, straight from the inventor.
- #4
Rector - The Power of Automated Refactoring
Matthias Noback and Tomas VotrubaLearn how to automatically and continuously upgrade and improve your PHP code base
- #5
Functional Programming Made Easier
Charles ScalfaniA Functional Programming book from beginner to advanced without skipping a single step along the way.
In my 40 years of programming, I've felt that programming books always let me down, especially Functional Programming books. So, I wrote the book I wish I had 5 years ago.
Functional Programming will never be easy, but it can be easier.
- #6
Ansible for DevOps
Jeff GeerlingAnsible is a simple, but powerful, server and configuration management tool. Learn to use Ansible effectively, whether you manage one server—or thousands.
- #7
Thinking with Types
Sandy MaguireThis book aims to be the comprehensive manual for type-level programming. It's about getting you from here to there---from a competent Haskell programmer to one who convinces the compiler to do their work for them.
- #8
Windows 10 System Programming, Part 2
Pavel Yosifovich - #9
OpenIntro Statistics
David Diez, Christopher Barr, Mine Cetinkaya-Rundel, and OpenIntroA complete foundation for Statistics, also serving as a foundation for Data Science.
Leanpub revenue supports OpenIntro (US-based nonprofit) so we can provide free desk copies to teachers interested in using OpenIntro Statistics in the classroom and expand the project to support free textbooks in other subjects.
More resources: openintro.org.
- #10
Atomic Kotlin
Bruce Eckel and Svetlana IsakovaFor both beginning and experienced programmers! From the author of the multi-award-winning Thinking in C++ and Thinking in Java and a Kotlin team member comes a book that breaks concepts into small, easy-to-digest "atoms," along with exercises supported by hints and solutions directly inside IntelliJ IDEA! Full support at www.AtomicKotlin.com.
Top Bundles
- #1
CCIE Service Provider Ultimate Study Bundle
2 Books
Piotr Jablonski, Lukasz Bromirski, and Nick Russo have joined forces to deliver the only CCIE Service Provider training resource you'll ever need. This bundle contains a detailed and challenging collection of workbook labs, plus an extensively detailed technical reference guide. All of us have earned the CCIE Service Provider certification... - #2
Software Architecture for Developers: Volumes 1 & 2 - Technical leadership and communication
2 Books
"Software Architecture for Developers" is a practical and pragmatic guide to modern, lightweight software architecture, specifically aimed at developers. You'll learn:The essence of software architecture.Why the software architecture role should include coding, coaching and collaboration.The things that you really need to think about before... - #3
Modern C++ Collection
3 Books
Get All about Modern C++C++ Standard Library, including C++20Concurrency with Modern C++, including C++20C++20Each book has about 200 complete code examples. Updates are included. When I update one of the books, you immediately get the updated bundle. You can expect significant updates to each new C++ standard (C++23, C++26, .. ) and also... - #4
The Python Craftsman
3 Books
The Python Craftsman series comprises The Python Apprentice, The Python Journeyman, and The Python Master. The first book is primarily suitable for for programmers with some experience of programming in another language. If you don't have any experience with programming this book may be a bit daunting. You'll be learning not just a programming... - #6
"The C++ Standard Library" and "Concurrency with Modern C++"
2 Books
Get my books "The C++ Standard Library" and "Concurrency with Modern C++" in a bundle. The first book gives you the details you should know about the C++ standard library; the second one dives deeper into concurrency with modern C++. In sum, you get more than 600 pages full of modern C++ and about 250 source files presenting the standard library... - #7
10 Books Bundle - A New Career in Tech 🚀
10 Books
Do you want to create yourself a new and profitable skillset - in one year or less? Do you want to position yourself on the right side of change finally? Do you want to work from home and set your own work schedule while choosing fun and interesting coding projects? Software developers and freelance developersearn six figuresin the US, according... - #9
Pattern-Oriented Memory Forensics and Malware Detection
2 Books
This training bundle for security engineers and researchers, malware and memory forensics analysts includes two accelerated training courses for Windows memory dump analysis using WinDbg. It is also useful for technical support and escalation engineers who analyze memory dumps from complex software environments and need to check for possible...
