[{"_1":2,"_68":-5,"_69":-5},"loaderData",{"_3":4,"_38":39,"_66":-5,"_67":-5},"root",{"_5":-5,"_6":-5,"_7":8,"_22":23,"_24":25,"_26":27,"_30":31,"_36":37},"user","shoppingCartId","shoppingCart",{"_9":10,"_11":12,"_13":14,"_15":16,"_17":18,"_19":20,"_21":14},"id","no-cart","count",0,"free",true,"updatedAt","2026-02-15T21:52:54.794Z","paymentGateway","STRIPE","cartItems",[],"loading","locale","en","readerTheme","system","constants",{"_28":29},"paypalClientId","AX53Cwz8jR6rVVzzZiZNWWXl0dGagi-GZrjG-S3Ua14E5nrKMn7DxDQ730O4R8LusLPp49ALn6aRVaEy","publishers",{"_32":33,"_34":35},"companies",[],"universities",[],"needsLocaleCookieSync",false,"routes/_store+/_readers+/email_author.$slug/route",{"_40":41,"_65":-5},"book",{"_9":42,"_43":44,"_45":46,"_47":48,"_49":50,"_51":52},"Z2lkOi8vbGVhbnB1Yi9TdG9yZTo6Qm9va1Byb2R1Y3QvNzU2NjE","title","A System-Level Study of Hybrid Terrestrial–NTN Architecture for 6G-Ready Cellular Networks","state","published","contactAuthorMethod","email","aboutText","

This study presents an independent, system-level analysis of hybrid terrestrial–non-terrestrial network (NTN) integration for 6G-ready cellular architectures.

The work examines how satellite-based NTN components can be integrated into existing cellular networks from an operator’s perspective, focusing on performance behavior, key performance indicators (KPIs), coverage continuity, and deployment trade-offs.

Rather than proposing new air-interface standards, the study emphasizes:

End-to-end architectural behavior
Mobility and handover considerations
Latency, availability, and reliability impacts
Cost, scalability, and operational implications
Realistic operator-driven deployment scenarios

The document is intended for telecom engineers, network architects, researchers, and professionals interested in 5G-Advanced, 6G, and NTN system evolution.

This is a technical study and conceptual analysis, not an implementation guide or tutorial.

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