Asynchronous functional javascript
Asynchronous functional javascript
About the Book
This is a book about asynchronous javascript from the unifying perspective of category theory and functional programming.
A 5 installment is in progress that will include a chapter in Reactive Extensions with Rx.js.
Note: This is not an Introductory book in Asynchronous Javascript. The reader must have at least a couple of years of Javascript experience. Please read the Sample pdf to get an idea about the content of the book.
included Js source code for selected sections like Fluture.js and Folktale.js
About the Author
Table of Contents
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1 Introduction to Asynchrony
- 1.1 Concurrency, Parallelism, Asynchrony ... 12
- 1.1.1 Concurrency ... 12
- 1.1.2 Parallelism ... 12
- 1.1.3 Threads ... 12
- 1.1.4 Synchronous and Asynchronous ... 13
- 1.2 The Problem of Asynchrony ... 14
- 1.3 The JavaScript Event Loop ... 14
- 1.4 Callbacks ... 18
- 1.5 The Continuation monad ... 18
- 1.6 Promises ... 19
- 1.7 Async-Await ... 19
- 1.8 Events ... 20
- 1.9 The basic Criteria of Comparison ... 22
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2 Callbacks
- 2.1 Continuation Passing Style Transformation ... 24
- 2.2 Continuations and Callbacks ... 25
- 2.3 Callbacks Example. ... 26
- 2.4 Including Error Handling ... 28
- 2.5 The Continuation (a → r) → r Type ... 29
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- 2.6 Applying a function ... 32
- 2.6.1 Callbacks ... 33
- 2.6.2 The Continuation ... 34
- 2.7 Sequential and Parallel execution ... 34
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3 Why Functional Programming
- 3.1 Categories ... 35
- 3.1.1 One-minute Functors ... 37
- 3.1.2 The Identity Functor ... 38
- 3.1.3 The Basic Functor Mechanics ... 39
- 3.1.4 A brief mentioning of Pattern Matching ... 39
- 3.1.5 The Asynchronous identity functor ... 40
- 3.1.6 Pattern Matching for Hierarchies ... 41
- 3.1.7 Adding Pattern Matching extensions Hierarchies ... 42
- 3.1.8 Rewriting Subtype methods with matchWith ... 42
- 3.1.9 Pattern Matching on Callbacks? ... 43
- 3.1.10 Pattern Matching on Continuations? ... 45
- 3.2 Either Functor ... 45
- 3.2.1 Using Either for exception handling ... 47
- 3.2.2 Either Functor Example ... 49
- 3.3 The one Minute introduction to monads ... 50
- 3.4 Either Monad ... 51
- 3.4.1 Using Either Monad exception handling ... 52
- 3.5 Showcase – Bind for Some Async Structures ... 54
- 3.5.1 Monoids ... 54
- 3.5.2 Multiplying stuff ... 55
- 3.6 Composing Continuations ... 58
- 3.6.1 The Continuation monad ... 59
- 3.7 Folding Callbacks and Continuations ... 60
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4 Promises
- 4.2 Creating promises ... 64
- 4.2.1 The Promise executor as Union Type ... 64
- 4.3 Extending Custom Promise to a Functor ... 66
- 4.4 Extending Custom Promise to Monad ... 67
- 4.5 Promisify Callback code ... 68
- 4.6 Dissecting the Promise.then method ... 69
- 4.6.1 The then as map ... 70
- 4.6.2 The then as a monadic Bind ... 71
- 4.6.3 The (then, catch) as pattern matching ... 72
- 4.6.4 Conclusion ... 74
- 4.6.5 Another Example of the monadic composition ... 74
- 4.6.6 Promises and the Either Monad ... 76
- 4.7 Parallel Execution ... 79
- 4.7.1 Promise.all ... 81
- 4.7.2 Promise.all Example ... 83
- 4.7.3 Promise.race ... 84
- 4.8 Thenables and PromiseLike ... 84
- 4.9 Combining Promises and Either ... 85
- 4.10 Combining Promises and Either - Example ... 87
- 6.1.1 Error handling ... 98
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5 Fluture.js and Futures... 90
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6 Folktale.js and Tasks ... 93
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6 Web Workers for Parallelism ... 93
- 6.1.2 Abstracting Workers with Promises ... 98
- 6.2 Monoids ... 99
- 6.2.1 Folding monoids ... 102
- 6.2.2 Monoid homomorphisms and Parallelism ... 102
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7 Async-Await
- 7.1 Async ... 109
- 7.2 The await keyword ... 110
- 7.3 Error handling ... 111
- 7.4 Refactoring Promises to Async/await ... 111
- 7.5 Sequential and Parallel execution ... 113
- 7.5.1 Promise.all Example refactoring ... 114
-
8 Apendix A- Algebraic Data Types
- 8.1 The product structure: ... 117
- 8.1.1 Introduction / Elimination ... 118
- 8.2 The co-product (aka Union) structure: ... 119
- 8.2.1 Introduction / Elimination ... 121
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