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MBSE4U

The SysML v2 Book

Practical Insights and Comprehensive Reference

The SysML v2 Book
Tim Weilkiens and Vince Molnár

Learn SysML v2 with the ultimate guide for all skill levels in MBSE. Authored by insiders, it's your key to unlocking the full potential of system modeling and a passport to mastering your MBSE.

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About the Book

This is a prerelease! The book is not yet complete. As a reader, you will receive all updates on Leanpub free of charge. The price of the pre-release is significantly lower than the final book price. As soon as the book is complete, it will receive an ISBN number and will also be available as a print version.

We are also happy to receive any feedback from you about the book that we can consider for the upcoming updates. 

Dive into the world of MBSE with 'The SysML v2 Book: Practical Insights and Comprehensive Reference.' Tailored for both novices and seasoned professionals in model-based systems engineering, this book serves as an indispensable guide to mastering the new generation of the System Modeling Language Version 2 (SysML v2).

Embark on your journey with a clear introduction to the foundational concepts of SysML v2, providing a solid grounding for all readers, including those new to the field. The book also covers more complex subjects, offering a comprehensive exploration that encapsulates the full spectrum of SysML applications.

Examples are integrated throughout the text to illustrate practical applications, aiding in the understanding of how SysML v2 can be applied to various scenarios in systems engineering.

Written by experts with firsthand experience who are actively involved in the development of SysML v2, "The SysML v2 Book" aims to be a thorough and reliable resource for anyone looking to understand and apply SysML v2 in their work.

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Author

About the Authors

Tim Weilkiens

Tim Weilkiens is a member of the executive board of the German consulting company oose, an MBSE consultant and trainer, and an active member of the OMG and INCOSE communities. He is a co-author of the SysML v1 specification, was co-chair of the task forces responsible for the last SysML v1 versions, and is actively involved in the ongoing work on SysML v2. He was co-chair of the task force responsible for the final submission of SysML v2, and is now co-chair of the SysML v2.1 revision task force (RTF). Tim is involved in numerous MBSE activities, and you can meet him at several conferences focused on MBSE and related topics.

As a consultant, he has advised numerous companies across various domains. His insights into their challenges are one source of his experience that he shares in books and presentations.

Tim has written many books on modeling, including Model-Based Product Line Engineering, Model-Based System Architecture, and AI Assisted MBSE with SysML. He is the editor of the pragmatic and independent MBSE methodology SYSMOD.

You can contact him at tim@mbse4u.com.

Vince Molnár

Vince Molnár is an associate professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary. He earned his PhD in the field of formal methods and has been teaching MBSE to university students and industrial partners since 2015. His primary research interest is the application of formal methods in systems engineering to help unleash the full potential of MBSE, particularly in the domain of critical systems.

Vince is an active member of the OMG, where he participated in the development of the KerML and SysML v2 specifications, authoring parts of the KerML semantics. He is the leader of the Formal Methods and Conformance Working Groups in the OMG's Systems Modeling Community, and a core member of the Semantics and Execution Working Groups.

In his mission of bringing research results closer to industrial practice, he has been developing the required tooling and methodology in the frame of several R&D projects and industrial collaborations, acquiring a diverse set of insights into different aspects of MBSE.

You can find the list of his scientific publications on Google Scholar and contact him at molnar.vince@vik.bme.hu.

Contents

Table of Contents

Release 2026-08

  1. General
  2. Updates
  3. Errata

About MBSE4U

About us

Preface to the Pre-Release Edition

Foreword

  1. Michael Jastram, Germany, Author of Product Velocity (2027)
  2. Prof. Dr. Bernhard Rumpe (RWTH Aachen)

Preface

  1. How to Read the Book
  2. Acknowledgment
  3. General Introduction

What is SysML v2?

History of SysML

Model-Based Systems Engineering

  1. What is MBSE?
  2. What is Modeling?

Methodologies, Methods, Processes, and Frameworks

  1. Basics
  2. Harmonic Triad of Modeling

SysML v2 Tools

Architecture of SysML

  1. Concrete Syntax
  2. Abstract Syntax and Metalayers
  3. Semantics

SysML in a Nutshell

  1. Overview of KerML
  2. Overview of SysML

From SysML v1 to SysML v2

  1. Transformation of SysML v1 to SysML v2

How to read the specification

  1. Informal Language Description
  2. Normative Language Specification
  3. Model Libraries

SysML v2 Certification Program

  1. Stakeholder and Concerns
  2. The Certification Program
  3. The Exam
  4. Preparation for the exam

SysML v2 Conformance

  1. What Conformance Means
  2. Dimensions of Language Conformance
  3. Current State of the Test Suites
  4. API Conformance

Digital Engineering

  1. Digital Thread
  2. Digital Twins
  3. Artificial Intelligence
  4. SysML in Practice

Diagrams and Standard Views

A Simple Example

  1. Base Architecture
  2. System Context
  3. Requirements
  4. Use Cases
  5. Physical Architecture
  6. Verification
  7. Modeling Project

General and Cross-cutting Elements

  1. Namespaces and Names
  2. Comments, Documentations, and Notes
  3. Textual Representation
  4. Dependencies

Packages and Libraries

  1. Packages
  2. Library Package
  3. Root Namespace

Definition and Usage

  1. Definitions
  2. Usages
  3. Contextual References: “self” and “that”
  4. Modeling with Definitions and Usages

Specializations

  1. Subclassification (specializes)
  2. Subsetting (subsets)
  3. Redefinition (redefines)
  4. Definition (defined by)

Parts and Items

  1. Items
  2. Parts

Connections

Binding Connectors

Ports and Interfaces

  1. Ports
  2. Interfaces

Attributes and Values

  1. Attributes
  2. Enumerations

Quantities and Units

  1. Quantities
  2. Unit
  3. Advanced Quantities and Units Concepts

Occurrences and 4D Modeling

  1. Thinking in Four Dimensions
  2. What is an Occurrence?
  3. Portions
  4. Individuals
  5. 4D Identity: “==” and “===”
  6. Temporal Relations and Allen’s Interval Algebra
  7. Spatial and Combined Relations
  8. Suboccurrence vs. Portion
  9. Event Occurrences
  10. The Context Occurrence: “this”
  11. Variable Features as Time-Functions

Actions

  1. Action!
  2. Parameters
  3. Successions
  4. Control Nodes
  5. Conditional Successions
  6. Special Action Usages
  7. Perform Action
  8. Abstract Actions
  9. Actions in a Context

Calculations

  1. Defining a Calculation
  2. Calculation Usage

State Machines

  1. States
  2. Transitions
  3. Complex States
  4. Exhibiting States
  5. Communicating State Machines
  6. Actions or States?

Flows and Messages

  1. Messages
  2. Streaming Flows
  3. Succession Flows

Expressions

  1. Handling Scalar Values
  2. Handling Sequences
  3. Handling Complex Structures
  4. Invoking Functions and Calculations
  5. Higher-Order Functions
  6. Classification Expressions

Constraints

Requirements

  1. Stakeholders
  2. Textual Requirements
  3. Formalized Requirements
  4. Requirement Satisfaction
  5. Concerns
  6. Requirement Derivation

Cases

  1. Use Cases
  2. Analysis Cases
  3. Verification Cases

Allocations

Variations and Variants

Reflection

  1. Metadata
  2. Reflective and Metaclassification Expressions
  3. Filter Conditions

Views and Viewpoints

Risks

Model Execution

  1. Is SysML an Executable Modeling Language?
  2. What Does It Mean to Execute a SysML Model?
  3. How to Execute SysML Models?
  4. When to Execute and What

Modeling Geometry

  1. Internal Parts and Composite Shapes
  2. Hollow Items and Containment

Extending SysML v2

  1. Model Libraries
  2. Language Extension With User-Defined Keywords
  3. The Systems Modeling API & Services

Overview Systems Modeling API and Services

  1. PIM Data
  2. PIM Services

How to use the API

  1. Getting started
  2. Examples

Reference Systems Modeling API and Services

  1. SysML v2 API and Services
  2. REST/HTTP Implementation
  3. OSLC Implementation
  4. KerML Reference

What is KerML?

  1. The Layers of KerML
  2. Metamodel and Libraries

The Root Layer

The Core Layer

The Kernel Layer

Elements and Relationships

Dependencies

Annotations

Namespaces and Name Resolution

Types

Classifiers

Features

Data Types

Classes

Associations and Connectors

Structures

Behaviors

Functions

Expressions

Interactions

Metadata

  1. SysML Reference

Element and Relationship

Dependencies

Annotations

  1. Comments
  2. Documentations
  3. Textual Representations
  4. Notes

Namespaces and Packages

  1. Package
  2. Library
  3. Alias
  4. Import
  5. Filter
  6. Root Namespace

Definition and Usage

  1. Specializations
  2. Variations and Variants

Attributes

Enumerations

Occurrences

Items

Parts

Ports

Connections

  1. Connections
  2. Bindings
  3. Successions

Interfaces

Allocations

Flows and Messages

Actions

States

Calculations

Constraints

Requirements

Cases

  1. Analysis Cases
  2. Use Cases
  3. Verification Cases

Views and Viewpoints

Metadata

  1. KerML Libraries

Kernel Data Types

  1. Collections
  2. Scalar Values
  3. Vector Values

Kernel Function Library

  1. Base Functions
  2. Boolean Functions
  3. Collection Functions
  4. Complex Functions
  5. Control Functions
  6. Data Functions
  7. Integer Functions
  8. Natural Functions
  9. Numerical Functions
  10. Occurrence Functions
  11. Rational Functions
  12. Real Functions
  13. Scalar Functions
  14. Sequence Functions
  15. String Functions
  16. Trigonometry Functions
  17. Vector Functions

Kernel Semantics Types

  1. Base
  2. Clocks
  3. Control Performances
  4. Feature Reference Performances
  5. KerML
  6. Links
  7. Metaobjects
  8. Objects
  9. Observation
  10. Occurrences
  11. Performances
  12. Spatial Frames
  13. State Performances
  14. Transfers
  15. Transition Performances
  16. Triggers
  17. SysML Libraries

Actions

Allocations

Analysis Cases

Attributes

Calculations

Cases

Connections

Constraints

Flow Connections

Interfaces

Items

Metadata

Parts

Ports

Requirements

Standard View Definitions

States

SysML

Use Cases

Verification Cases

Views

  1. SysML Domain Libraries

Analysis Libraries

  1. Analysis Tooling
  2. Sample Functions
  3. State Space Representations
  4. Trade Studies

Cause and Effect Libraries

  1. Causation Connections
  2. Cause and Effects

Geometry Libraries

  1. Shape Items
  2. Spatial Items

Metadata Libraries

  1. Image Metadata
  2. Modeling Metadata
  3. Parameters of Interest Metadata
  4. Risk Metadata

Quantities and Units Libraries

  1. ISQ
  2. ISQ Acoustics
  3. ISQ Atomic Nuclear
  4. ISQ Base
  5. ISQ Characteristic Numbers
  6. ISQ Chemistry Molecular
  7. ISQ Condensed Matter
  8. ISQ Electromagnetism
  9. ISQ Information
  10. ISQ Light
  11. ISQ Mechanics
  12. ISQ Space and Time
  13. ISQ Thermodynamics
  14. Measurement Calculations
  15. Measurement References
  16. Quantities
  17. Quantity Calculations
  18. SI
  19. SI Prefixes
  20. Tensor Calculations
  21. Time
  22. US Customary Units
  23. Vector Calculations

Requirement Derivation Libraries

  1. Derivation Connections
  2. Requirement Derivation

Bibliography

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About the Publisher

About the Publisher

This book is published on Leanpub by MBSE4U

Lean Publishing for MBSE

MBSE4U is a lean and agile publishing platform dedicated to advancing Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). We deliver concise, practitioner-focused content that evolves with the rapidly changing MBSE landscape—keeping professionals ahead of emerging trends, tools, and methodologies.

Our mission is to provide knowledge, practical guidance, and inspiration for MBSE practitioners. We publish works on MBSE methodologies, languages such as SysML, and methods including SYSMOD, VAMOS, FAS, AIM, and MBSE craftsmanship.

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