Business Analysis & Requirements Engineering
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Business Analysis & Requirements Engineering

Innovating Your Products and Processes For Sustainable Success

About the Book

Business Analysis & Requirements Engineering

  • Successful cooperation between business and IT
  • ONE GOAL - independent of your job title: create products, systems and proceses that your users will love
  • Pragmatic methods to identify and communicate requirements

New in the third edition:

  • more on quality requirements
  • more criteria for structuring requirements in the large

About the Author

Peter Hruschka
Peter Hruschka

Peter Hruschka is a partner at The Atlantic Systems Guild (www.systemsguild.com), an internationally renowned group of method consultants, trainers, and authors.

He is also the founder of the networks www.req42.de & www.arc42.org

For more than 40 years, his mission has been the pragmatic transfer of knowledge about more effective and productive methods for system development. He is a founding member of the associations for the certification of requirements engineers (IREB e.V.) and software architects (ISAQB e.V.).


Table of Contents

    • Preface
      • Preface to the Third Edition
    • 1 Problems, Goals, Ideas and Visions
      • 1.1 What are we Talking About?
      • 1.2 Quantitative Reasons
      • 1.3 Qualitative Reasons
      • 1.4 Why doesn’t Everyone Do it Right?
      • 1.5 Two More Reasons
      • 1.6 Standardization and Certification
      • 1.7 Three Pillars of Successful Projects
      • 1.8 Definition: Business Analysis and Requirements Engineering
      • 1.9 Definition: Requirement
      • 1.10 Types of Requirements
      • 1.11 Main Tasks of Analysts and Product Owners
      • 1.12 Distribution of Tasks in a Team
      • 1.13 Required Skills
      • 1.15 What Makes Analysis Easier?
      • 1.16 Different Approaches
      • 1.17 Summary
    • 2 A Successful Start
      • 2.1 Three Ingredients for a Successful Start
      • 2.2 Goals
      • 2.3 Specify Goals
      • 2.4 Stakeholders
      • 2.5 Finding Stakeholders
      • 2.6 The Most Important Stakeholders: The Users
      • 2.7 Further Sources for Requirements
      • 2.8 Scope and Context
      • 2.9 Scope and Analysts
      • 2.10 Dealing with Gray Areas
      • 2.11 Representation of the System/Product Boundary
      • 2.12 Alternative Notations
      • 2.13 The Three Ingredients for Success (Once More)
      • 2.14 Summary
    • 3 Business Processes and Product Functionality
      • 3.1 Requirements of Different Granularity
      • 3.2 Structuring and Organizing Functional Requirements
      • 3.3 Processes: The Basic Idea
      • 3.4 Finding Processes
      • 3.5 Structuring a Domain into Subdomains
      • 3.6 Recommendations and Warnings
      • 3.7 Summary
    • 4 A Closer Look at Major Functions
      • 4.1 Decomposition Criteria
      • 4.2 Where Do You Stop?
      • 4.3 Top-down or Bottom-up?
      • 4.4 Summary
    • Intermezzo
    • 5 Requirements in Natural Language
      • 5.1 IEEE Requirements for Requirements
      • 5.2 Between Perception and Written Record
      • 5.3 Good Requirements in Natural Language
      • 5.3.1 The Story Format
      • 5.3.2 Alternative Sentence Templates
      • 5.4 General Style Guidelines
      • 5.5 A Glossary for Data
      • 5.6 Good Definitions
      • 5.7 Writing Glossary Entries
      • 5.8 Summary
    • 6 Modeling Requirements
      • 6.1 Use Case Models
      • 6.1.1 Structuring Use Cases
      • 6.1.2 Use Cases and Natural Language: A Comparison
      • 6.1.3 Business Use Cases and Product Use Cases
      • 6.1.4 Finding Use Cases
      • 6.1.5 The Number of Use Cases
      • 6.1.6 Three Tricks for Simplification
      • 6.1.7 Describing Use Cases
      • 6.1.8 Description at the Kite Level
      • 6.1.9 Description at the Wave Level
      • 6.1.10 Description at the Fish Level
      • 6.1.11 The Style at the Wave Level
      • 6.1.12 Summary of Use Case Models
      • 6.2 Story Maps
      • 6.3 Context Maps
      • 6.4 Data Models
      • 6.4.1 A Brief Story
      • 6.4.2 Data Models as a Structured Glossary
      • 6.4.3 (Entity) Classes
      • 6.4.4 Entity Class Models
      • 6.4.5 Relationships
      • 6.4.6 Special Relationships
      • 6.4.7 Draw or Write?
      • 6.4.8 Three More Examples
      • 6.4.9 Processes and Data
      • 6.4.11 Summary of Data Models
      • 6.5 When the Rough Specification of Processes is not enough …
      • 6.6 Activity Diagrams
      • 6.6.1 Breaking Down Activities
      • 6.6.2 Swimlanes and Data
      • 6.6.3 Draw or Write?
      • 6.6.4 Where do you Stop?
      • 6.6.5 Once again: Top-down or Bottom-up?
      • 6.7 Alternative Function Models
      • 6.7.1 Data Flow Diagrams
      • 6.7.2 Event-driven process chains (EPC)
      • 6.7.3 Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)
      • 6.7.4 Summary of More Detailed Functional Models
      • 6.8 Behavior Models
      • 6.8.1 Why another Model?
      • 6.8.2 Basics of State Models
      • 6.8.3 Actions and Activities
      • 6.8.4 Creating and Checking State Models
      • 6.8.5 Complex State Models
      • 6.8.6 An Example
      • 6.8.7 Drawing or Writing?
      • 6.8.8 State Models and Activity Diagrams
      • 6.8.9 Use Cases and State Models
      • 6.8.10 Summary of State Models
      • 6.9 Summary of Requirements Models
    • 7 Quality Requirements and Constraints
      • 7.1 What is this about?
      • 7.2 Categorization schemes
      • 7.3 Identify and Assign Quality Requirements and Constraints
      • 7.4 Examples of External Qualities
      • 7.5 Examples of Internal Qualities
      • 7.6 Examples of Constraints
      • 7.7 More Examples: Copy from Open Source**
      • 7.8 Measurability of Requirements
      • 7.9 Summary
    • 8 Documenting Requirements
      • 8.1 Why Document at all?
      • 8.2 Many Names and Multiple Documents?
      • 8.3 Requirements for Requirements Documentation
      • 8.4 Examples of the Structure of Requirements Documentation
      • 8.5 Minimum Content
      • 8.6 Summary
    • 9 Eliciting Requirements
      • 9.1 The Kano Model
      • 9.2 Types of Survey Methods
      • 9.3 What Influences the Selection?
      • 9.4 Examples of Question & Answer Techniques
      • 9.5 Examples of Observation Techniques
      • 9.6 Examples of Past-Oriented Techniques
      • 9.7 Examples of Creativity Techniques
      • 9.8 Survey Techniques and Tools
      • 9.9 Another Creativity Technique
      • 9.10 Overview (Recap)
      • 9.11 Summary
    • 10 Check and Consolidate Requirements
      • 10.1 Quality Gates
      • 10.2 Goals of the Check
      • 10.3 Types of Checks
      • 10.4 Who Should be Involved?
      • 10.5 What is Validated?
      • 10.6 Checklists for Content Checks
      • 10.7 What to Do in Case of Defects?
      • 10.8 Conflict Management
      • 10.9 Summary
    • 11 Requirements Management
      • 11.1 Definition: Requirements Management
      • 11.2 Preparatory Activities
      • 11.2.1 The Requirements Process
      • 11.2.2 Roles
      • 11.3 Ongoing Activities
      • 11.3.1 Attribute Assignment for Fequirements
      • 11.3.2 Creating Views
      • 11.3.3 Prioritization
      • 11.3.4 Baselines and Releases
      • 11.3.5 Change Management
      • 11.3.6 Traceability
      • 11.4 Summary
    • 12 Requirements Tools
      • 12.1 Categories of Tools
      • 12.2 Capabilities of Tools
      • 12.3 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Categories
      • 12.4 Tool Selection
      • 12.5 Introduction of Tools
      • 12.6 Summary
    • Literature

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