Fehlersuche bei Linux Servern und Netzwerken
Fehlersuche bei Linux Servern und Netzwerken
Über das Buch
Johannes Loxen sagte in seiner Keynote zum Frühjahrsfachgespräch 2012 der GUUG über den Unterschied von Closed-Source und Open-Source Software: "Wenn es nicht funktioniert, hörst Du bei Closed-Source auf zu denken und rufst den Hersteller-Support an. Bei Open-Source fängt das Denken dann erst richtig an". Dieses Buch ist für alle, die nicht nur intensiv sondern vor allem auch strukturiert nachdenken wollen.
In vielen Jahren als Systemadministrator hat der Autor sehr oft auch bei technisch versierten Menschen grundlegende Mängel bei der Fehlersuche in Linux-Serversystemen sowie in IP-Netzwerken ausgemacht.
Daher hat der Autor seine Erfahrungen bei der Fehlersuche systematisch aufbereitet um denjenigen eine Hilfe an die Hand zu geben, die Probleme mit Linux-Serversystemen oder IP-Netzwerken analysieren wollen. Das Buch behandelt beide Themen, da sich einerseits Linux-Systeme aus verschiedenen Gründen sehr gut zur Analyse von Netzwerkproblemen eignen und andererseits der Einsatz von Linux selbst zu Problemen führen kann, für die das Buch Hilfestellung geben will.
Das Buch setzt drei Schwerpunkte. Im ersten Teil geht es um allgemeine Methoden, Heuristiken und Herangehensweisen, die bei beliebigen Problemen eingesetzt werden können. Der zweite Teil konzentriert sich auf Probleme von Linux-Systemen selbst und der dritte Teil schließlich behandelt die Analyse von Netzwerkproblemen mit Hilfe von Linux-Systemen.
Natürlich kann das Buch nicht alle Probleme lösen, doch soll es den Leser befähigen, seine eigenen Probleme strukturierter anzugehen und damit besser, schneller und gründlicher zu lösen.
License
Über den Autor
Inhaltsverzeichnis
-
-
Vorwort
- Für wen ist dieses Buch
- Wie ist das Buch aufgebaut
- Danksagung
-
Vorwort
-
I Allgemeine Themen
-
1. Methoden, Heuristiken und Modelle
- Entscheidungsbaum
- Bisektion
- Performanceanalyse: USE-Methode
- Statistische Verfahren, Korrelation
- Abkürzungen und Umwege
- Anti-Methoden
-
2. Herangehen
- Problemaufnahme
- Selber denken
- Logs auswerten
- Andere fragen
- Laborbuch
- Hilfsaufgaben
- Wenn ich feststecke
-
3. Nachbereitung
- Kontrolle der Erledigung
- Vertiefen der Erkenntnisse
- Verallgemeinerung der Erkenntnisse
- Probleme verhindern?
- Schulungen
- Details und Gesamtbild
-
1. Methoden, Heuristiken und Modelle
-
II Lokale Probleme
-
4. Grundlagen Linux
- Dateien und Verzeichnisse
- Prozessmodell
- Schnittstellen von Programmen
-
5. Totalausfall
- Bootprobleme
- Bootprobleme virtueller Maschinen
- Fehlersuche im Initramfs
- Magic SysRequest
- Kernel Panic
-
6. Partieller Ausfall
- Die ersten Minuten auf dem Server
- PID 1 - Init
- Ein Dienst startet nicht
- Zugriffsprobleme
- Mount-Fehler
- Sonstige Probleme
-
7. Performance des Rechners
- Engpass CPU
- Engpass RAM
- Engpass Ein-/Ausgabe
-
8. Werkzeuge zur lokalen Fehlersuche
- acct
- bonnie++
- busybox
- C (Programmiersprache)
- dd
- fio - flexible I/O tester
- fuser
- GDB der GNU Debugger
- hdparm
- lsof
- ltrace
- netstat
- Perf
- Perl
- Shell
- strace
- sysstat
- vmstat
-
4. Grundlagen Linux
-
III Netzwerkprobleme
-
9. Grundlagen IP-Netzwerke
- OSI-Modell
- ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
- IPv4-Netzmasken
- Kommunikationsbeziehungen
- Zustände einer TCP-Verbindung
- Path-MTU
- Routing-Algorithmen
-
10. Totalausfall des Netzwerks
- Netzausfall an einem Rechner
- Totalausfall Netzsegment
- Routingprobleme
-
11. Partieller Ausfall des Netzes
- Ausfall essentieller Dienste im Netz
- Ausfall nicht-essentieller Dienste
- Sonstige Probleme
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12. Netzwerkperformance
- Ursachen für Performanceprobleme
- Performancemessungen im Netz
- Maßnahmen
-
13. Werkzeuge zur Fehlersuche im Netzwerk
- arp
- bridge-utils
- ethtool, mii-diag, mii-tools
- ifconfig
- Iperf, nttcp, nuttcp
- iproute
- libtrace und libtrace-tools
- netcat
- netstat
- OpenSSL s_client
- Perl
- ping
- Quagga
- route
- Samba, smbclient
- tcpdump
- telnet
- traceroute
- Wireshark
-
9. Grundlagen IP-Netzwerke
-
Anhang
-
Glossar
- ARP
- BIOS - Bufferbloat
- CIDR - Crypto-PAn
- DAC - DRM
- EWMA
- FIFO - Firmware
- Gateway - Gerätedatei
- HTTP
- ICMP - IPG
- Jitter
- Kerberos - Korrelation
- Latenz - LWL
- MAC - Multicast
- Netflow - NTP
- OSI-Modell - Overlay-Dateisystem
- PAC-Datei - PXE
- QoS
- RAID - RTT
- SAS - Syslog
- Tail-Merging - Traffic-Shaping
- UDP - Unicast
- Vermittlungsschicht - Virtualisierung
- WPAD
-
Literatur
- Bücher
- Artikel in Zeitschriften, Proceedings, …
- Online-Quellen
- Kolophon
-
Glossar
Unterstützte Institutionen
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