Test-Driven Development: Extensive Tutorial
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Test-Driven Development: Extensive Tutorial

About the Book

This ebook is an attempt to create open-source extensive tutorial on Test-Driven Development.

Source code is at https://github.com/grzesiek-galezowski/tdd-ebook

This book is and always will be free.

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About the Author

Grzegorz Gałęzowski
Grzegorz Gałęzowski

Coder, object oriented designer, trainer and blogger (feelings-erased.blogspot.com), currently working for Motorola Solutions in Poland, where he takes part in designing and coding object-oriented systems for telecom sector and training new staff in skills such as design patterns and test-driven development. in his free time, he enjoys playing acoustic guitar and spamming soundcloud with his amateur compositions.

About the Contributors

Daniel Żołopa
Daniel Żołopa

Cover Designer

Martin Moene
Martin Moene
Author of lest, A modern, C++11-native, header-only, tiny framework for unit-tests, TDD and BDD, https://github.com/martinmoene/lest
Reuven Yagel
Reuven Yagel

Table of Contents

  • Front Matter
    • Dedications
    • Thanks!
    • About code examples
      • Notes for C# users
      • Notes for Java users
  • Part 1: Just the basics
    • Motivation – the first step to learning TDD
      • What TDD feels like
      • Let’s get it started!
    • The essential tools
      • Test framework
      • Mocking framework
      • Anonymous values generator
      • Summary
    • It’s not (only) a test
      • When a test becomes something more
      • Taking it to the software development land
      • A Specification rather than a test suite
      • The differences between executable and “traditional” specifications
    • Statement-first programming
      • What’s the point of writing a specification after the fact?
      • “Test-First” means seeing a failure
      • “Test-After” often ends up as “Test-Never”
      • “Test-After” often leads to design rework
      • Summary
    • Practicing what we have already learned
      • Let me tell you a story
      • Act 1: The Car
      • Act 2: The Customer’s Site
      • Act 3: Test-Driven Development
      • Epilogue
    • Sorting out the bits
    • How to start?
      • Start with a good name
      • Start by filling the GIVEN-WHEN-THEN structure with the obvious
      • Start from the end
      • Start by invoking a method if you have one
      • Summary
    • How is TDD about analysis and what does “GIVEN-WHEN-THEN” mean?
      • Is there a commonality between analysis and TDD?
      • Gherkin
      • TODO list… again!
    • What is the scope of a unit-level Statement in TDD?
      • Scope and level
      • On what level do we specify our software?
      • What should be the functional scope of a single Statement?
      • Failing to adhere to the three rules
      • How many assertions do I need?
      • Summary
    • Developing a TDD style and Constrained Non-Determinism
      • A style?
      • Principle: Tests As Specification
      • First technique: Anonymous Input
      • Second technique: Derived Values
      • Third technique: Distinct Generated Values
      • Fourth technique: Constant Specification
      • Summary of the example
      • Constrained non-determinism
      • Summary
    • Specifying functional boundaries and conditions
      • Sometimes, an anonymous value is not enough
      • Exceptions to the rule
      • Rules valid within boundaries
      • Combination of boundaries – ranges
      • Summary
    • Driving the implementation from Specification
      • Type the obvious implementation
      • Fake it (‘til you make it)
      • Triangulate
      • Summary
  • Part 2: Object-Oriented World
    • On Object Composability
      • Another task for Johnny and Benjamin
      • A Quick Retrospective
    • Telling, not asking
      • Contractors
      • A Quick Retrospective
    • The need for mock objects
      • Composability… again!
    • Why do we need composability?
      • Pre-object-oriented approaches
      • Object-oriented programming to the rescue!
      • The power of composition
      • Summary – are you still with me?
    • Web, messages and protocols
      • So, again, what does it mean to compose objects?
      • Alarms, again!
      • Summary
    • Composing a web of objects
      • Three important questions
      • A preview of all three answers
    • When are objects composed?
    • How does a sender obtain a reference to a recipient (i.e. how connections are made)?
      • Receive as a constructor parameter
      • Receive inside a message (i.e. as a method parameter)
      • Receive in response to a message (i.e. as a method return value)
      • Receive as a registered observer
    • Where are objects composed?
      • Composition Root
      • Factories
      • Summary
    • Interfaces
      • Classes vs interfaces
      • Events/callbacks vs interfaces – few words on roles
      • Small interfaces
    • Protocols
      • Protocols exist
      • Protocol stability
      • Craft messages to reflect the sender’s intention
      • Model interactions after the problem domain
      • Message recipients should be told what to do, instead of being asked for information
      • Most of the getters should be removed, return values should be avoided
      • Protocols should be small and abstract
      • Summary
    • Classes
      • Single Responsibility Principle
      • Static recipients
      • Summary
    • Object Composition as a Language
      • More readable composition root
      • Refactoring for readability
      • Composition as a language
      • The significance of a higher-level language
      • Some advice
      • Summary
    • Value Objects
      • What is a value object?
      • Example: money and names
    • Value object anatomy
      • Class signature
      • Hidden data
      • Hidden constructor
      • String conversion methods
      • Equality members
      • The return of investment
      • Summary
    • Aspects of value objects design
      • Immutability
      • Handling of variability
      • Special values
      • Value types and Tell Don’t Ask
      • Summary
  • Part 3: TDD in Object-Oriented World
    • Mock Objects as a testing tool
      • A backing example
      • Interfaces
      • Protocols
      • Roles
      • Behaviors
      • Filling in the roles
      • Using a mock channel
      • Mocks as yet another context
      • Summary
    • Test-first using mock objects
      • How to start? – with mock objects
      • Responsibility and Responsibility
      • Channel and DataDispatch one more time
      • The first behavior
      • Second behavior – specifying an error
      • Summary
    • Test-driving at the input boundary
      • Fixing the ticket office
      • Initial objects
      • Bootstrap
      • Writing the first Statement
      • Summary
    • Test-driving at the input boundary – a retrospective
      • Outside-in development
      • Workflow specification
      • Data Transfer Objects and TDD
      • Using a ReservationInProgress
      • Interface discovery and the sources of abstractions
      • Do I need all of this to do TDD?
      • What’s next?
    • Test-driving object creation
    • Test-driving object creation – a retrospective
      • Limits of creation specification
      • Why specify object creation?
      • What do we specify in the creational Statements?
      • Value object creation
      • Summary
    • Test-driving application logic
      • Summary
    • Test-driving value objects
      • Initial value object
      • Value semantics
      • Case-insensitive comparison
      • Input validation
      • Summary
    • Reaching the web of objects boundaries
      • What time is it?
      • Timers
      • Threads
      • Others
    • What’s inside the object?
      • What are object’s peers?
      • What are object’s internals?
      • Examples of internals
      • Summary
    • THIS IS ALL I HAVE FOR NOW. WHAT FOLLOWS IS RAW, UNORDERED MATERIAL THAT’S NOT YET READY TO BE CONSUMED AS PART OF THIS TUTORIAL
    • Mock objects as a design tool
      • Responsibility-Driven Design
    • Guidance of test smells
      • Long Statements
      • Lots of stubbing
      • Specifying private members
    • Revisiting topics from chapter 1
      • Constrained non-determinism in OO world
      • Behavioral boundaries
      • Triangulation
    • Maintainable mock-based Statements
      • Setup and teardown
    • Refactoring mock code
  • Part 4: Application architecture
    • On stable/architectural boundaries
    • Ports and adapters
      • Physical separation of layers
    • What goes into application?
      • Application and other layers
    • What goes into ports?
      • Data transfer objects
      • Ports are not a layer
  • Part 5: TDD on application architecture level
    • Designing automation layer
      • Adapting screenplay pattern
      • Driver
      • Actors
      • Data builders
    • Further Reading
      • Motivation – the first step to learning TDD
      • The Essential Tools
      • Value Objects
  • Notes

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