Practical FP in Scala
Practical FP in Scala
A hands-on approach
About the Book
Practical FP in Scala: A hands-on approach, is a book for intermediate to advanced Scala developers. Aimed at those who understand functional effects, referential transparency and the benefits of functional programming to some extent but who are missing some pieces to put all these concepts together to build a large application in a time-constrained manner.
Throughout the chapters we will design, architect and develop a complete stateful application serving an API via HTTP, accessing a database and dealing with cached data, using the best practices and best functional libraries available in the Cats ecosystem such as Cats Effect, Fs2, Http4s, Skunk, Refined & others.
You will also learn about common design patterns such as managing state, error handling and anti-patterns, all accompanied by clear examples. Furthermore, in the Bonus Chapter, we will dive into some advanced concepts such as MTL and Optics, and will explore Fs2 streams with a few interesting examples.
The book is supplemented by two Scala projects:
- Shopping Cart application: https://github.com/gvolpe/pfps-shopping-cart
- Standalone examples: https://github.com/gvolpe/pfps-examples
Looking for a printed version? You can get a Softcover (paperback) here.
Got some feedback? Please email the author here: pfpscala at gmail dot com.
About the Author
Bundles that include this book
Table of Contents
- Preface
-
Acknowledgments
- People
- Software
- Fonts
- Dependency version
- Prerequisites
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How to read this book
- Conventions used in this book
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1. Chapter 1: Best practices
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1.1 Strongly-typed functions
- 1.1.1 Value classes
- 1.1.2 Newtypes
- 1.1.3 Refinement types
- 1.1.4 Runtime validation
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1.2 Encapsulating state
- 1.2.1 In-memory counter
-
1.3 Sequential vs concurrent state
- 1.3.1 State Monad
- 1.3.2 Atomic Ref
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1.4 Shared state
- 1.4.1 Regions of sharing
- 1.4.2 Leaky state
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1.5 Anti-patterns
- 1.5.1 Seq: a base trait for sequences
- 1.5.2 About Monad Transformers
- 1.5.3 Boolean blindness
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1.6 Error handling
- 1.6.1 MonadError & ApplicativeError
- 1.6.2 Either Monad
- 1.6.3 Classy prisms
- 1.7 Summary
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1.1 Strongly-typed functions
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2. Chapter 2: Tagless final encoding
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2.1 Algebras
- 2.1.1 Naming conventions
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2.2 Interpreters
- 2.2.1 Building interpreters
- 2.3 Programs
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2.4 Implicit vs explicit parameters
- 2.4.1 Achieving modularity
- 2.4.2 Implicit convenience
- 2.4.3 Capability traits
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2.5 Why Tagless Final?
- 2.5.1 Parametricity
- 2.5.2 Comparison
- 2.6 Summary
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2.1 Algebras
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3. Chapter 3: Shopping Cart project
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3.1 Business requirements
- 3.1.1 Third-party payments API
- 3.1.2 Identifying the domain
- 3.1.3 Identifying HTTP endpoints
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3.2 Technical stack
- 3.2.1 A note on Cats Effect
- 3.3 Summary
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3.1 Business requirements
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4. Chapter 4: Business logic
- 4.1 Identifying algebras
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4.2 Data access and storage
- 4.2.1 Health check
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4.3 Defining programs
- 4.3.1 Checkout
- 4.3.2 Retrying effects
- 4.4 Architecture
- 4.5 Summary
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5. Chapter 5: HTTP layer
- 5.1 A server is a function
- 5.2 HTTP Routes #1
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5.3 Authentication
- 5.3.1 JWT Auth
- 5.4 HTTP Routes #2
- 5.5 Composing routes
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5.6 Middlewares
- 5.6.1 Compositionality
- 5.7 HTTP server
- 5.8 Entity codecs
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5.9 HTTP Client
- 5.9.1 Payment client
- 5.9.2 Creating a client
- 5.10 Summary
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6. Chapter 6: Typeclass derivation
- 6.1 Standard derivations
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6.2 JSON codecs
- 6.2.1 Map codecs
- 6.3 Orphan instances
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6.4 Identifiers
- 6.2.1 GenUUID & IsUUID
- 6.2.2 Custom derivation
- 6.5 Validation
- 6.6 Http4s derivations
- 6.7 Higher-kinded derivations
- 6.8 Summary
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7. Chapter 7: Persistent layer
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7.1 Skunk & Doobie
- 7.1.1 Session Pool
- 7.1.2 Connection check
- 7.1.3 Queries
- 7.1.4 Commands
- 7.1.5 Interpreters
- 7.1.6 Streaming & Pagination
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7.2 Redis for Cats
- 7.2.1 Connection
- 7.2.2 Interpreters
- 7.3 Health check
- 7.4 Blocking operations
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7.5 Transactions
- 7.5.1 Compositionality
- 7.6 Summary
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7.1 Skunk & Doobie
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8. Chapter 8: Testing
- 8.1 Functional test framework
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8.2 Generators
- 8.2.1 About forall
- 8.2.2 Application data
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8.3 Business logic
- 8.3.1 Happy path
- 8.3.2 Expectations
- 8.3.3 Empty cart
- 8.3.4 Unreachable payment client
- 8.3.5 Recovering payment client
- 8.3.6 Failing orders
- 8.3.7 Failing cart deletion
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8.4 HTTP
- 8.4.1 Routes
- 8.4.2 Clients
- 8.5 Law testing
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8.6 Integration tests
- 8.6.1 Shared resources
- 8.6.2 Postgres
- 8.6.3 Redis
- 8.7 Summary
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9. Chapter 9: Assembly
- 9.1 Logging
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9.2 Tracing
- 9.2.1 Ecosystem
- 9.3 Configuration
- 9.4 Modules
- 9.5 Resources
- 9.6 Main
- 9.7 Summary
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10. Chapter 10: Ship it!
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10.1 Docker image
- 10.1.1 Optimizing image
- 10.1.2 Run it locally
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10.2 Continuous integration
- 10.2.1 Dependencies
- 10.2.2 CI build
- 10.2.3 Nix shell
- 10.2.4 Furthermore
- 10.3 Summary
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10.1 Docker image
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11. Bonus Chapter
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11.1 MTL (Monad Transformers Library)
- 11.1.1 Managing state
- 11.1.2 Accessing context
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11.2 Optics
- 11.2.1 Lenses
- 11.2.2 Prisms
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11.3 Aspect Oriented Programming
- 11.3.1 Tofu's Mid
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11.4 Concurrency
- 11.4.1 Producer-Consumer
- 11.4.2 Effectful streams
- 11.4.3 Interruption
- 11.4.4 Multiple subscriptions
- 11.4.5 (Un)Cancelable regions
- 11.4.6 Resource safety
- 11.4.6 Finite State Machine
- 11.5 Summary
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11.1 MTL (Monad Transformers Library)
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