Fast, Scalable And Secure Web Hosting For Web Developers
This book is 100% complete
Completed on 2019-07-29
About the Book
Good website performance is becoming a top priority for many webmasters. This is because it gives the users of your site a better experience.
It also helps your ranking in search engines, which may offer you more free traffic from them. If you have an e-commerce site, several studies have shown that a faster website can increase the sale conversions, thus revenue!
Understanding the building blocks of your website will make sure that it can scale in popularity while keeping it stable and fast!
The first section of the book gives an overview on what to look for in a web hosting company. Where should you host your site and with whom? We will give you an overview of the alternatives and show you how you can choose the best solution for your specific use case.
After having chosen a webhosting package and server, we will install a Linux-based OS on our server. We’ll guide you through choosing and installing the right Linux distribution.
After the base OS installation has been completed, we'll install and configure commonly used web software including
- Nginx webserver
- PHP 7.x
- PHP-FPM
- Java 11
- Jetty 9.4
- MariaDB database (drop-in replacement for MySQL)
- UFWFirewall
- Wordpress
We will also focus on tuning the OS for performance and scalability. Making your server and website secure (via HTTPS) is a hot topic since Google announced it can positively impact your Search Engine Rankings. We'll describe how to enable HTTPS and secure connections to your website.
We'll also explain technologies like SPDY, HTTP/2 and CDN and how they can help you to make your site faster for your visitors from all around the world.
Still not convinced?
Let me share a few quotes from readers:
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About the Author
Table of Contents
-
Preface
- Who Is This Book For?
- Why Do You Need This Book?
- Introduction
-
Choosing Your Website Hosting
-
Types Of Hosting
- Shared Hosting
- VPS Hosting
- Dedicated Hosting
- Cloud Hosting
- Unmanaged vs Managed Hosting
- Our Recommendation
-
Checklist For Choosing Your Optimal Webhost Provider
- Performance Based Considerations
- Benchmarking web hosts
- VPS Virtualization methods considerations
- IPv4 / IPv6 Support
-
Example ordering process
- RamNode Ordering
-
Types Of Hosting
-
Installing the Operating System
-
Choosing a Linux Distribution
- The Linux kernel used should be as recent as possible
- Choosing a Server Distribution
-
Installing Ubuntu 19.04
- Selecting the ISO template in the Ramnode Control Panel and Booting from CDROM
- Using Tight VNC Viewer
- Start the Ubuntu Server Install
- Setting up SSH access to login to your server
- Login via SSH
- Updating system packages
- Installing Miscellaneous Tools
- Enabling IPv6 Support
- Useful Linux Commands
-
Upgrading Ubuntu 19.04 to a future release
- Remove any unused old kernels
- Do the upgrade via VNC
-
Choosing a Linux Distribution
-
Performance Baseline
- ServerScope.io
- Testing Ping Speed
-
Tuning KVM Virtualization Settings
- VPS Control Panel Settings
-
Tuning Kernel Parameters
-
Improving Network speeds (TCP/IP settings)
- Disabling TCP/IP Slow start after idle
-
Improving SSD Speeds
- Scheduler Settings
- Reducing writes on your SSD drive
- Other kernel settings
-
Improving Network speeds (TCP/IP settings)
-
Installing OpenSSL
- Installing OpenSSL 1.1.1c
-
Securing your Server
-
Configuring UFW
- Configuring the ports to open
- A list of ports
- Show the current UFW rules
-
Configuring UFW
-
Ordering a Domain Name For Your Website
- Choosing a Domain Name and a Top Level Domain
- Ordering a Domain With EuroDNS
- Configuring a Name Server
- Ordering the DNSMadeEasy DNS Service
-
Installing MariaDB 10, a MySQL Database Alternative
- Download & Install MariaDB
- Starting and Stopping MariaDB
- Securing MariaDB
- Upgrade MariaDB To a New Version
-
Tuning the MariaDB configuration
- Kernel Parameters
- Storage Engines
- Using MySQLTuner
- Enabling HugePages
- System Variables
- Diagnosing MySQL/MariaDB Startup Failures
-
Installing nginx Webserver
- Why nginx ?
-
Installing nginx
- nginx compilation flags
- PID files; what are they?
- nginx Releases
- Starting and stopping nginx
-
nginx Configuration
- nginx configuration files
- Test the Correctness of the nginx Configuration Files
- Optimal Nginx configuration settings
- Error Log File Location
- Configuring the Events Directive
- Configuring the HTTP Directive
- Configuring the Mime Types
- Configuring Your Website Domain in nginx
- Updating nginx
-
Installing PHP
- Which PHP Version?
- Install PHP 7.3
- What is an OpCode Cache?
- Zend OpCache
- FastCGI Process Manager (FPM)
- Other PHP modules
- Testing the PHP Install
-
Tuning php.ini settings
- Set maximum execution time
- Set duration of realpath information cache
- Set maximum size of an uploaded file.
- Set maximum amount of memory a script is allowed to allocate
- Set maximum size of HTTP POST data allowed
- Don’t expose to the world that PHP is installed
- Disable functions for security reasons
- Disable X-PHP-Originating-Script header in mails sent by PHP
- Sets the max nesting depth of HTTP input variables
- Sets the max nesting depth of input variables in HTTP GET, POST (eg. $_GET, $_POST.. in PHP)
- Enable Zend Opcache
-
Installing PHP-FPM
- Configuring PHP-FPM
- Configuring a PHP-FPM Pool
- How to start PHP-FPM
- nginx FPM Configuration
- Viewing the PHP FPM Status Page
- Viewing statistics from the Zend OpCode cache
-
Installing PHPMyAdmin
- Installing phpMyAdmin
-
Installing Jetty
- Download Jetty 9.4.x
- Adding the Jetty port to the UFW Firewall
- Enabling Large Page/HugePage support for Java / Jetty
-
Forwarding requests from Nginx to our Jetty server
- Garbage Collection in Java
- Optimising Java connections to the MariaDB database
- Download and install the MariaDB JDBC4 driver
- Download and install HikariCP - a database connection pool
-
Enabling Log rotation
- fail2ban log rotation
- MariaDB Log rotation
- Log Rotation For nginx
- Log File Management For PHP-FPM
- Log File Management For Jetty9
-
Using a CDN
- Choosing a CDN
- Analysing performance before and after enabling a CDN
-
Configuring a CDN service
- Create a New Zone.
- Using a cdn subdomain like cdn.mywebsite.com
- Tuning the performance of your CDN
-
HTTPS everywhere
- Do you need a secure website?
-
Buying a certificate for your site
- Standard certificate
- Wildcard certificate.
- Public and private key length
- Extended Validation certificates and the green bar in the browsers
-
Buying the certificate
- Generate a Certificate Signing request
- Ordering a certificate
- Configuring nginx for SSL
- Getting an A+ grade on SSLLabs.com
- Enabling SSL on a CDN
- Enabling SPDY or HTTP/2 on a CDN
-
HTTPS certificates via Let’s Encrypt
- Install Certbot / Let’s Encrypt
- Generating a certificate for yourdomain.com
- Configure nginx to use Let’s Encrypt certificate
- Automating renewal of Let’s Encrypt certificates
- Using DNS challenge to generate and validate your certificate
-
Configure Email For Your Domain
- Selfhosted Email Servers vs External Mail Systems
-
Signup for Zoho email
- Verify Domain
- Add Users
- Add Groups
- Configure Email Delivery
- Securing your email address
-
Installing Wordpress
- Downloading Wordpress
- Enabling PHP In Your Nginx Server Configuration
- Creating a Database For Your Wordpress Installation
- Installing Wordpress
- Enabling auto-updates for Wordpress (core, plugins and themes)
-
Installing Wordpress plugins
- Installing Yoast SEO
-
Optimizing Wordpress performance
-
Upload small sized images in the Wordpress media library
- Resizing images with Imagemagick
- EWWW Image Optimizer Wordpress plugin
- Remove CSS Link IDs plugin
- Disable Emojis support in Wordpress 4.2 and later
- Install the Cache Enabler plugin
- Install the CDN Enabler plugin
- Optimizing Wordpress performance with the W3 Total Cache plugin (deprecated)
- Installing W3 Total Cache
-
Upload small sized images in the Wordpress media library
-
Appendix: Resources
- TCP IP
- Ubuntu / Linux
- KVM
- SSD
- OpenSSL
- Nginx
- PHP
- MariaDB
- Jetty
- CDN
- HTTPS
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