Exploring ES6
Exploring ES6
Upgrade to the next version of JavaScript
About the Book
- Complete contents of this book: http://exploringjs.com/es6/
- Homepage with various resources: http://exploringjs.com/es6.html
About the Author
Bundles that include this book
Table of Contents
-
-
What you need to know about this book
- Audience: JavaScript programmers
- Why should I read this book?
- How to read this book
- Sources of this book
- Glossary
- Conventions
- Demo code on GitHub
- Sidebars
- Footnotes
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- About the author
-
What you need to know about this book
-
I Background
-
1. About ECMAScript 6 (ES6)
- 1.1 TC39 (Ecma Technical Committee 39)
- 1.2 How ECMAScript 6 was designed
- 1.3 JavaScript versus ECMAScript
- 1.4 Upgrading to ES6
- 1.5 Goals for ES6
- 1.6 Categories of ES6 features
- 1.7 A brief history of ECMAScript
-
2. FAQ: ECMAScript 6
- 2.1 How can I use ES6 today?
- 2.2 Isn’t ECMAScript 6 now called ECMAScript 2015?
- 2.3 How do I migrate my ECMAScript 5 code to ECMAScript 6?
- 2.4 Does it still make sense to learn ECMAScript 5?
- 2.5 Is ES6 bloated?
- 2.6 Isn’t the ES6 specification very big?
- 2.7 Does ES6 have array comprehensions?
- 2.8 Is ES6 statically typed?
-
3. One JavaScript: avoiding versioning in ECMAScript 6
- 3.1 Versioning
- 3.2 Strict mode and ECMAScript 6
- 3.3 Breaking changes in ES6
- 3.4 Conclusion
- 3.5 Further reading
-
4. Core ES6 features
-
4.1 From
vartoconst/let - 4.2 From IIFEs to blocks
- 4.3 From concatenating strings to template literals
- 4.4 From function expressions to arrow functions
- 4.5 Handling multiple return values
-
4.6 From
fortoforEach()tofor-of - 4.7 Handling parameter default values
- 4.8 Handling named parameters
-
4.9 From
argumentsto rest parameters -
4.10 From
apply()to the spread operator (...) -
4.11 From
concat()to the spread operator (...) - 4.12 From function expressions in object literals to method definitions
- 4.13 From constructors to classes
-
4.14 From custom error constructors to subclasses of
Error - 4.15 From objects to Maps
- 4.16 New string methods
- 4.17 New Array methods
- 4.18 From CommonJS modules to ES6 modules
- 4.19 What to do next
-
4.1 From
-
1. About ECMAScript 6 (ES6)
-
II Data
-
5. New number and
Mathfeatures- 5.1 Overview
- 5.2 New integer literals
-
5.3 New static
Numberproperties -
5.4 New
Mathfunctionality - 5.5 FAQ: numbers
-
6. New string features
- 6.1 Overview
- 6.2 Unicode code point escapes
- 6.3 String interpolation, multi-line string literals and raw string literals
- 6.4 Iterating over strings
- 6.5 Numeric values of code points
- 6.6 Checking for inclusion
- 6.7 Repeating strings
- 6.8 String methods that delegate regular expression work to their parameters
- 6.9 Reference: the new string methods
-
7. Symbols
- 7.1 Overview
- 7.2 A new primitive type
- 7.3 Using symbols to represent concepts
- 7.4 Symbols as keys of properties
- 7.5 Converting symbols to other primitive types
- 7.6 Wrapper objects for symbols
- 7.7 Crossing realms with symbols
- 7.8 FAQ: symbols
-
7.9 The spelling of well-known symbols: why
Symbol.iteratorand notSymbol.ITERATOR(etc.)? - 7.10 The symbol API
-
8. Template literals
- 8.1 Overview
- 8.2 Introduction
- 8.3 Examples of using tagged template literals
- 8.4 Implementing tag functions
- 8.5 FAQ: template literals and tagged template literals
-
9. Variables and scoping
- 9.1 Overview
-
9.2 Block scoping via
letandconst -
9.3
constcreates immutable variables - 9.4 The temporal dead zone
-
9.5
letandconstin loop heads - 9.6 Parameters as variables
- 9.7 The global object
- 9.8 Function declarations and class declarations
-
9.9 Coding style:
constversusletversusvar
-
10. Destructuring
- 10.1 Overview
- 10.2 Background: Constructing data versus extracting data
- 10.3 Patterns for destructuring
- 10.4 How do patterns access the innards of values?
- 10.5 Default values
- 10.6 More object destructuring features
- 10.7 More Array destructuring features
- 10.8 You can assign to more than just variables
- 10.9 Pitfalls of destructuring
- 10.10 Examples of destructuring
- 10.11 The destructuring algorithm
-
11. Parameter handling
- 11.1 Overview
- 11.2 Parameter handling as destructuring
- 11.3 Parameter default values
- 11.4 Rest parameters
- 11.5 Simulating named parameters
- 11.6 Examples of destructuring in parameter handling
- 11.7 Coding style tips
-
11.8 The spread operator (
...)
-
5. New number and
-
III Modularity
-
12. Callable entities in ECMAScript 6
- 12.1 Overview
- 12.2 Ways of calling in ES6
- 12.3 Recommendations for using callable entities
- 12.4 ES6 callable entities in detail
- 12.5 Dispatched and direct method calls in ES5 and ES6
-
12.6 The
nameproperty of functions - 12.7 FAQ: callable entities
-
13. Arrow functions
- 13.1 Overview
-
13.2 Traditional functions are bad non-method functions, due to
this - 13.3 Arrow function syntax
- 13.4 Lexical variables
- 13.5 Syntax pitfalls
- 13.6 Immediately-invoked arrow functions
-
13.7 Arrow functions versus
bind() - 13.8 Arrow functions versus normal functions
- 13.9 FAQ: arrow functions
-
14. New OOP features besides classes
- 14.1 Overview
- 14.2 New features of object literals
-
14.3 New methods of
Object - 14.4 Traversing properties in ES6
- 14.5 Assigning versus defining properties
-
14.6
__proto__in ECMAScript 6 - 14.7 Enumerability in ECMAScript 6
- 14.8 Customizing basic language operations via well-known symbols
- 14.9 FAQ: object literals
-
15. Classes
- 15.1 Overview
- 15.2 The essentials
- 15.3 Private data for classes
- 15.4 Simple mixins
- 15.5 The details of classes
- 15.6 The details of subclassing
- 15.7 The species pattern
- 15.8 The pros and cons of classes
- 15.9 FAQ: classes
- 15.10 What is next for classes?
- 15.11 Further reading
-
16. Modules
- 16.1 Overview
- 16.2 Modules in JavaScript
- 16.3 The basics of ES6 modules
- 16.4 Importing and exporting in detail
- 16.5 The ECMAScript 6 module loader API
- 16.6 Using ES6 modules in browsers
- 16.7 Details: imports as views on exports
- 16.8 Design goals for ES6 modules
- 16.9 FAQ: modules
- 16.10 Advantages of ECMAScript 6 modules
- 16.11 Further reading
-
12. Callable entities in ECMAScript 6
-
IV Collections
-
17. The
for-ofloop- 17.1 Overview
-
17.2 Introducing the
for-ofloop -
17.3 Pitfall:
for-ofonly works with iterable values -
17.4 Iteration variables:
constdeclarations versusvardeclarations - 17.5 Iterating with existing variables, object properties and Array elements
- 17.6 Iterating with a destructuring pattern
-
18. New Array features
- 18.1 Overview
-
18.2 New static
Arraymethods -
18.3 New
Array.prototypemethods - 18.4 ES6 and holes in Arrays
-
18.5 Configuring which objects are spread by
concat()(Symbol.isConcatSpreadable) - 18.6 The numeric range of Array indices
-
19. Maps and Sets
- 19.1 Overview
- 19.2 Map
- 19.3 WeakMap
- 19.4 Set
- 19.5 WeakSet
- 19.6 FAQ: Maps and Sets
-
20. Typed Arrays
- 20.1 Overview
- 20.2 Introduction
- 20.3 ArrayBuffers
- 20.4 Typed Arrays
- 20.5 DataViews
- 20.6 Browser APIs that support Typed Arrays
- 20.7 Extended example: JPEG SOF0 decoder
- 20.8 Availability
-
21. Iterables and iterators
- 21.1 Overview
- 21.2 Iterability
- 21.3 Iterable data sources
- 21.4 Iterating language constructs
- 21.5 Implementing iterables
- 21.6 More examples of iterables
- 21.7 FAQ: iterables and iterators
- 21.8 The ECMAScript 6 iteration protocol in depth
-
22. Generators
- 22.1 Overview
- 22.2 What are generators?
- 22.3 Generators as iterators (data production)
- 22.4 Generators as observers (data consumption)
- 22.5 Generators as coroutines (cooperative multitasking)
- 22.6 Examples of generators
- 22.7 Inheritance within the iteration API (including generators)
- 22.8 Style consideration: whitespace before and after the asterisk
- 22.9 FAQ: generators
- 22.10 Conclusion
- 22.11 Further reading
-
17. The
-
V Standard library
-
23. New regular expression features
- 23.1 Overview
-
23.2 New flag
/y(sticky) -
23.3 New flag
/u(unicode) -
23.4 New data property
flags -
23.5
RegExp()can be used as a copy constructor - 23.6 String methods that delegate to regular expression methods
-
24. Asynchronous programming (background)
- 24.1 The JavaScript call stack
- 24.2 The browser event loop
- 24.3 Receiving results asynchronously
- 24.4 Looking ahead
- 24.5 Further reading
-
25. Promises for asynchronous programming
- 25.1 Overview
- 25.2 Introduction: Promises
- 25.3 A first example
- 25.4 Three ways of understanding Promises
- 25.5 Creating and using Promises
- 25.6 Examples
- 25.7 Other ways of creating Promises
- 25.8 Chaining Promises
- 25.9 Common Promise chaining mistakes
- 25.10 Tips for error handling
- 25.11 Composing Promises
- 25.12 Two useful additional Promise methods
- 25.13 Node.js: using callback-based sync functions with Promises
- 25.14 ES6-compatible Promise libraries
- 25.15 Next step: using Promises via generators
- 25.16 Promises in depth: a simple implementation
- 25.17 Advantages and limitations of Promises
- 25.18 Reference: the ECMAScript 6 Promise API
- 25.19 Further reading
-
23. New regular expression features
-
VI Miscellaneous
-
26. Unicode in ES6
- 26.1 Unicode is better supported in ES6
- 26.2 Escape sequences in ES6
-
27. Tail call optimization
- 27.1 What is tail call optimization?
- 27.2 Checking whether a function call is in a tail position
- 27.3 Tail-recursive functions
-
28. Metaprogramming with proxies
- 28.1 Overview
- 28.2 Programming versus metaprogramming
- 28.3 Proxies explained
- 28.4 Use cases for proxies
- 28.5 The design of the proxy API
- 28.6 FAQ: proxies
- 28.7 Reference: the proxy API
- 28.8 Conclusion
- 28.9 Further reading
- 29. Coding style tips for ECMAScript 6
-
30. An overview of what’s new in ES6
- 30.1 Categories of ES6 features
-
30.2 New number and
Mathfeatures - 30.3 New string features
- 30.4 Symbols
- 30.5 Template literals
- 30.6 Variables and scoping
- 30.7 Destructuring
- 30.8 Parameter handling
- 30.9 Callable entities in ECMAScript 6
- 30.10 Arrow functions
- 30.11 New OOP features besides classes
- 30.12 Classes
- 30.13 Modules
-
30.14 The
for-ofloop - 30.15 New Array features
- 30.16 Maps and Sets
- 30.17 Typed Arrays
- 30.18 Iterables and iterators
- 30.19 Generators
- 30.20 New regular expression features
- 30.21 Promises for asynchronous programming
- 30.22 Metaprogramming with proxies
-
26. Unicode in ES6
- Notes
The Leanpub 60-day 100% Happiness Guarantee
Within 60 days of purchase you can get a 100% refund on any Leanpub purchase, in two clicks.
See full terms
Do Well. Do Good.
Authors have earned$11,974,502writing, publishing and selling on Leanpub, earning 80% royalties while saving up to 25 million pounds of CO2 and up to 46,000 trees.
Learn more about writing on Leanpub
Free Updates. DRM Free.
If you buy a Leanpub book, you get free updates for as long as the author updates the book! Many authors use Leanpub to publish their books in-progress, while they are writing them. All readers get free updates, regardless of when they bought the book or how much they paid (including free).
Most Leanpub books are available in PDF (for computers) and EPUB (for phones, tablets and Kindle). The formats that a book includes are shown at the top right corner of this page.
Finally, Leanpub books don't have any DRM copy-protection nonsense, so you can easily read them on any supported device.
Learn more about Leanpub's ebook formats and where to read them
Top Books
- #1
A Guide To The Future Of Hospitals
Dr. Bertalan MeskoFor centuries, scientists have been trying to envision the future of hospitals. Following the recent shift towards digital health technologies, in part precipitated by COVID-19, it is natural for one to wonder how these developments will impact hospitals. What can we expect from them in the future? Will there be hospitals at all in a decade’s time?
- #2
OpenIntro Statistics
David Diez, Christopher Barr, Mine Cetinkaya-Rundel, and OpenIntroA complete foundation for Statistics, also serving as a foundation for Data Science.
Leanpub revenue supports OpenIntro (US-based nonprofit) so we can provide free desk copies to teachers interested in using OpenIntro Statistics in the classroom and expand the project to support free textbooks in other subjects.
More resources: openintro.org.
- #3
CCIE SP v5.0
Łukasz Bromirski, Piotr Jablonski, and Nicholas RussoAre you striving to prepare to and pass CCIE SP lab exam? Take the opportunity and get this workbook! With the attached initial cfg files you will prepare yourself for the CCIE SP exam as well as learn SP technologies applicable to all kinds of today modern networks! This workbook covers blueprint topics and provides challenging examples.
- #4
Ansible for DevOps
Jeff GeerlingAnsible is a simple, but powerful, server and configuration management tool. Learn to use Ansible effectively, whether you manage one server—or thousands.
- #5
EZ Tools Manuals
Eric Zimmerman and Andrew RathbunEric Zimmerman's Tools are free, open-source, widely taught around the world. This is the official manual for all of his command line and GUI tools.
- #6
R Programming for Data Science
Roger D. PengThis book brings the fundamentals of R programming to you, using the same material developed as part of the industry-leading Johns Hopkins Data Science Specialization. The skills taught in this book will lay the foundation for you to begin your journey learning data science. Printed copies of this book are available through Lulu.
- #7
C++20 - The Complete Guide
Nicolai M. JosuttisAll new language and library features of C++20 (for those who know previous C++ versions).
The book presents all new language and library features of C++20. Learn how this impacts day-to-day programming, to benefit in practice, to combine new features, and to avoid all new traps.
Buy early, pay less, free updates.
Other books:
- #8
Introducing EventStorming
Alberto BrandoliniThe deepest tutorial and explanation about EventStorming, straight from the inventor.
- #9
D3 Start to Finish
Peter CookD3 Start to Finish shows you how to build a custom, interactive and beautiful data visualisation using the JavaScript library D3.js (versions 6 & 7).
The book covers D3.js concepts such as selections, joins, requests, scale functions, events & transitions. You'll put these concepts into practice by building a custom, interactive data visualisation.
- #10
Modern IT Automation with PowerShell
The DevOps Collective, Inc. and Michael ZanattaA PowerShell Textbook written by the community for the community!
Top Bundles
- #1
CCIE Service Provider Ultimate Study Bundle
2 Books
Piotr Jablonski, Lukasz Bromirski, and Nick Russo have joined forces to deliver the only CCIE Service Provider training resource you'll ever need. This bundle contains a detailed and challenging collection of workbook labs, plus an extensively detailed technical reference guide. All of us have earned the CCIE Service Provider certification... - #2
Software Architecture
2 Books
"Software Architecture for Developers" is a practical and pragmatic guide to modern, lightweight software architecture, specifically aimed at developers. You'll learn:The essence of software architecture.Why the software architecture role should include coding, coaching and collaboration.The things that you really need to think about before... - #3
Pattern-Oriented Memory Forensics and Malware Detection
2 Books
This training bundle for security engineers and researchers, malware and memory forensics analysts includes two accelerated training courses for Windows memory dump analysis using WinDbg. It is also useful for technical support and escalation engineers who analyze memory dumps from complex software environments and need to check for possible... - #5
Practical FP in Scala + Functional event-driven architecture
2 Books
Practical FP in Scala (A hands-on approach) & Functional event-driven architecture, aka FEDA, (Powered by Scala 3), together as a bundle! The content of PFP in Scala is a requirement to understand FEDA so why not take advantage of this bundle!? - #6
All the Books of The Medical Futurist
6 Books
We put together the most popular books from The Medical Futurist to provide a clear picture about the major trends shaping the future of medicine and healthcare. Digital health technologies, artificial intelligence, the future of 20 medical specialties, big pharma, data privacy, digital health investments and how technology giants such as Amazon... - #9
Statistics - All Lee Baker's Books
10 Books
This bundle includes all of the statistics books that Lee Baker has published at LeanPub 13 Statistics Books*1 PlaceNo Hassle! All in both epub and mobi formats - perfect for all devices and screen sizes. --------------------------------------------------------- *The book listed as Getting Started With Statistics is a bundle of 4 books...
