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Section C - Manufacturing

This section includes the physical or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products, although this cannot be used as the single universal criterion for defining manufacturing (see remark on processing of waste below). The materials, substances, or components transformed are raw materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining or quarrying as well as products of other manufacturing activities. Substantial alteration, renovation or reconstruction of goods is generally considered to be manufacturing.

Units engaged in manufacturing are often described as plants, factories or mills and characteristically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. However, units that transform materials or substances into new products by hand or in the worker’s home and those engaged in selling to the general public of products made on the same premises from which they are sold, such as bakeries and custom tailors, are also included in this section. Manufacturing units may process materials or may contract with other units to process their materials for them. Both types of units are included in manufacturing.

The output of a manufacturing process may be finished in the sense that it is ready for utilization or consumption, or it may be semi-finished in the sense that it is to become an input for further manufacturing. For example, the output of alumina refining is the input used in the primary production of aluminium; primary aluminium is the input to aluminium wire drawing; and aluminium wire is the input for the manufacture of fabricated wire products.

Manufacture of specialized components and parts of, and accessories and attachments to, machinery and equipment is, as a general rule, classified in the same class as the manufacture of the machinery and equipment for which the parts and accessories are intended. Manufacture of unspecialized components and parts of machinery and equipment, e.g. engines, pistons, electric motors, electrical assemblies, valves, gears, roller bearings, is classified in the appropriate class of manufacturing, without regard to the machinery and equipment in which these items may be included. However, making specialized components and accessories by moulding or extruding plastics materials is included in class 2220.

Assembly of the component parts of manufactured products is considered manufacturing. This includes the assembly of manufactured products from either self-produced or purchased components.

The recovery of waste, i.e. the processing of waste into secondary raw materials is classified in class 3830 (Materials recovery). While this may involve physical or chemical transformations, this is not considered to be a part of manufacturing. The primary purpose of these activities is considered to be the treatment or processing of waste and they are therefore classified in Section E (Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities). However, the manufacture of new final products (as opposed to secondary raw materials) is classified in manufacturing, even if these processes use waste as an input. For example, the production of silver from film waste is considered to be a manufacturing process.

Specialized maintenance and repair of industrial, commercial and similar machinery and equipment is, in general, classified in division 33 (Repair, maintenance and installation of machinery and equipment). However, the repair of computers and personal and household goods is classified in division 95 (Repair of computers and personal and household goods), while the repair of motor vehicles is classified in division 45 (Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles).

The installation of machinery and equipment, when carried out as a specialized activity, is classified in 3320.

Remark: The boundaries of manufacturing and the other sectors of the classification system can be somewhat blurry. As a general rule, the activities in the manufacturing section involve the transformation of materials into new products. Their output is a new product. However, the definition of what constitutes a new product can be somewhat subjective. As clarification, the following activities are considered manufacturing in ISIC:

milk pasteurizing and bottling (see 1050)
fresh fish processing (oyster shucking, fish filleting), not done on a fishing boat (see 1020)
printing and related activities (see 1811, 1812)
ready-mixed concrete production (see 2395)
leather converting (see 1511)
wood preserving (see 1610)
electroplating, plating, metal heat treating, and polishing (see 2592)
rebuilding or remanufacturing of machinery (e.g. automobile engines, see 2910)
tyre retreading (see 2211)

Conversely, there are activities that, although sometimes involving transformation processes, are classified in other sections of ISIC; in other words, they are not classified as manufacturing. They include:

logging, classified in section A (Agriculture, forestry and fishing);
beneficiating of agricultural products, classified in section A (Agriculture, forestry and fishing);
beneficiating of ores and other minerals, classified in section B (Mining and quarrying);
construction of structures and fabricating operations performed at the site of construction, classified in section F (Construction);
activities of breaking bulk and redistribution in smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging or bottling of products, such as liquors or chemicals; sorting of scrap; mixing of paints to customers’ order; and cutting of metals to customers’ order, producing a modified version of the same product, are classified to section G (Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles).

These are the divisions, groups and classes the description of which is included in the e-book “Hashtags for economic activities and functions of government” or can be consulted online via C - Manufacturing:

#isic10 - Manufacture of food products
- #isic101 - Processing and preserving of meat
  - #isic1010 - Processing and preserving of meat
- #isic102 - Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs
  - #isic1020 - Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs
- #isic103 - Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables
  - #isic1030 - Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables
- #isic104 - Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats
  - #isic1040 - Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats
- #isic105 - Manufacture of dairy products
  - #isic1050 - Manufacture of dairy products
- #isic106 - Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products
  - #isic1061 - Manufacture of grain mill products
  - #isic1062 - Manufacture of starches and starch products
- #isic107 - Manufacture of other food products
  - #isic1071 - Manufacture of bakery products
  - #isic1072 - Manufacture of sugar
  - #isic1073 - Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery
  - #isic1074 - Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products
  - #isic1075 - Manufacture of prepared meals and dishes
  - #isic1079 - Manufacture of other food products n.e.c.
- #isic108 - Manufacture of prepared animal feeds
  - #isic1080 - Manufacture of prepared animal feeds
#isic11 - Manufacture of beverages
- #isic110 - Manufacture of beverages
  - #isic1101 - Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits
  - #isic1102 - Manufacture of wines
  - #isic1103 - Manufacture of malt liquors and malt
  - #isic1104 - Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters
#isic12 - Manufacture of tobacco products
- #isic120 - Manufacture of tobacco products
  - #isic1200 - Manufacture of tobacco products
#isic13 - Manufacture of textiles
- #isic131 - Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles
  - #isic1311 - Preparation and spinning of textile fibres
  - #isic1312 - Weaving of textiles
  - #isic1313 - Finishing of textiles
- #isic139 - Manufacture of other textiles
  - #isic1391 - Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics
  - #isic1392 - Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel
  - #isic1393 - Manufacture of carpets and rugs
  - #isic1394 - Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting
  - #isic1399 - Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c.
#isic14 - Manufacture of wearing apparel
- #isic141 - Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel
  - #isic1410 - Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel
- #isic142 - Manufacture of articles of fur
  - #isic1420 - Manufacture of articles of fur
- #isic143 - Manufacture of knitted and crocheted apparel
  - #isic1430 - Manufacture of knitted and crocheted apparel
#isic15 - Manufacture of leather and related products
- #isic151 - Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery and harness; dressing and dyeing of fur
  - #isic1511 - Tanning and dressing of leather; dressing and dyeing of fur
  - #isic1512 - Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness
- #isic152 - Manufacture of footwear
  - #isic1520 - Manufacture of footwear
#isic16 - Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting
- #isic161 - Sawmilling and planing of wood
  - #isic1610 - Sawmilling and planing of wood
- #isic162 - Manufacture of products of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials
  - #isic1621 - Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood-based panels
  - #isic1622 - Manufacture of builders’ carpentry and joinery
  - #isic1623 - Manufacture of wooden containers
  - #isic1629 - Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting materials
#isic17 - Manufacture of paper and paper products
- #isic170 - Manufacture of paper and paper products
  - #isic1701 - Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard
  - #isic1702 - Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard and of containers of paper and paperboard
  - #isic1709 - Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard
#isic18 - Printing and reproduction of recorded media
- #isic181 - Printing and service activities related to printing
  - #isic1811 - Printing
  - #isic1812 - Service activities related to printing
- #isic182 - Reproduction of recorded media
  - #isic1820 - Reproduction of recorded media
#isic19 - Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products
- #isic191 - Manufacture of coke oven products
  - #isic1910 - Manufacture of coke oven products
- #isic192 - Manufacture of refined petroleum products
  - #isic1920 - Manufacture of refined petroleum products
#isic20 - Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
- #isic201 - Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms
  - #isic2011 - Manufacture of basic chemicals
  - #isic2012 - Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds
  - #isic2013 - Manufacture of plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms
- #isic202 - Manufacture of other chemical products
  - #isic2021 - Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products
  - #isic2022 - Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics
  - #isic2023 - Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes and toilet preparations
  - #isic2029 - Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c.
- #isic203 - Manufacture of man-made fibres
  - #isic2030 - Manufacture of man-made fibres
#isic21 - Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations
- #isic210 - Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products
  - #isic2100 - Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products
#isic22 - Manufacture of rubber and plastics products
- #isic221 - Manufacture of rubber products
  - #isic2211 - Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres
  - #isic2219 - Manufacture of other rubber products
- #isic222 - Manufacture of plastics products
  - #isic2220 - Manufacture of plastics products
#isic23 - Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
- #isic231 - Manufacture of glass and glass products
  - #isic2310 - Manufacture of glass and glass products
- #isic239 - Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.
  - #isic2391 - Manufacture of refractory products
  - #isic2392 - Manufacture of clay building materials
  - #isic2393 - Manufacture of other porcelain and ceramic products
  - #isic2394 - Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster
  - #isic2395 - Manufacture of articles of concrete, cement and plaster
  - #isic2396 - Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone
  - #isic2399 - Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.
#isic24 - Manufacture of basic metals
- #isic241 - Manufacture of basic iron and steel
  - #isic2410 - Manufacture of basic iron and steel
- #isic242 - Manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals
  - #isic2420 - Manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals
- #isic243 - Casting of metals
  - #isic2431 - Casting of iron and steel
  - #isic2432 - Casting of non-ferrous metals
#isic25 - Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- #isic251 - Manufacture of structural metal products, tanks, reservoirs and steam generators
  - #isic2511 - Manufacture of structural metal products
  - #isic2512 - Manufacture of tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal
  - #isic2513 - Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers
- #isic252 - Manufacture of weapons and ammunition
  - #isic2520 - Manufacture of weapons and ammunition
- #isic259 - Manufacture of other fabricated metal products; metalworking service activities
  - #isic2591 - Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy
  - #isic2592 - Treatment and coating of metals; machining
  - #isic2593 - Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware
  - #isic2599 - Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c.
#isic26 - Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products
- #isic261 - Manufacture of electronic components and boards
  - #isic2610 - Manufacture of electronic components and boards
- #isic262 - Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment
  - #isic2620 - Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment
- #isic263 - Manufacture of communication equipment
  - #isic2630 - Manufacture of communication equipment
- #isic264 - Manufacture of consumer electronics
  - #isic2640 - Manufacture of consumer electronics
- #isic265 - Manufacture of measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment; watches and clocks
  - #isic2651 - Manufacture of measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment
  - #isic2652 - Manufacture of watches and clocks
- #isic266 - Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment
  - #isic2660 - Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment
- #isic267 - Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment
  - #isic2670 - Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment
- #isic268 - Manufacture of magnetic and optical media
  - #isic2680 - Manufacture of magnetic and optical media
#isic27 - Manufacture of electrical equipment
- #isic271 - Manufacture of electric motors, generators, transformers and electricity distribution and control apparatus
  - #isic2710 - Manufacture of electric motors, generators, transformers and electricity distribution and control apparatus
- #isic272 - Manufacture of batteries and accumulators
  - #isic2720 - Manufacture of batteries and accumulators
- #isic273 - Manufacture of wiring and wiring devices
  - #isic2731 - Manufacture of fibre optic cables
  - #isic2732 - Manufacture of other electronic and electric wires and cables
  - #isic2733 - Manufacture of wiring devices
- #isic274 - Manufacture of electric lighting equipment
  - #isic2740 - Manufacture of electric lighting equipment
- #isic275 - Manufacture of domestic appliances
  - #isic2750 - Manufacture of domestic appliances
- #isic279 - Manufacture of other electrical equipment
  - #isic2790 - Manufacture of other electrical equipment
#isic28 - Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.
- #isic281 - Manufacture of general-purpose machinery
  - #isic2811 - Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines
  - #isic2812 - Manufacture of fluid power equipment
  - #isic2813 - Manufacture of other pumps, compressors, taps and valves
  - #isic2814 - Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
  - #isic2815 - Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners
  - #isic2816 - Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment
  - #isic2817 - Manufacture of office machinery and equipment (except computers and peripheral equipment)
  - #isic2818 - Manufacture of power-driven hand tools
  - #isic2819 - Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery
- #isic282 - Manufacture of special-purpose machinery
  - #isic2821 - Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery
  - #isic2822 - Manufacture of metal-forming machinery and machine tools
  - #isic2823 - Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy
  - #isic2824 - Manufacture of machinery for mining, quarrying and construction
  - #isic2825 - Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing
  - #isic2826 - Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather production
  - #isic2829 - Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery
#isic29 - Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers
- #isic291 - Manufacture of motor vehicles
  - #isic2910 - Manufacture of motor vehicles
- #isic292 - Manufacture of bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles; manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers
  - #isic2920 - Manufacture of bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles; manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers
- #isic293 - Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles
  - #isic2930 - Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles
#isic30 - Manufacture of other transport equipment
- #isic301 - Building of ships and boats
  - #isic3011 - Building of ships and floating structures
  - #isic3012 - Building of pleasure and sporting boats
- #isic302 - Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock
  - #isic3020 - Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock
- #isic303 - Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery
  - #isic3030 - Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery
- #isic304 - Manufacture of military fighting vehicles
  - #isic3040 - Manufacture of military fighting vehicles
- #isic309 - Manufacture of transport equipment n.e.c.
  - #isic3091 - Manufacture of motorcycles
  - #isic3092 - Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages
  - #isic3099 - Manufacture of other transport equipment n.e.c.
#isic31 - Manufacture of furniture
- #isic310 - Manufacture of furniture
  - #isic3100 - Manufacture of furniture
#isic32 - Other manufacturing
- #isic321 - Manufacture of jewellery, bijouterie and related articles
  - #isic3211 - Manufacture of jewellery and related articles
  - #isic3212 - Manufacture of imitation jewellery and related articles
- #isic322 - Manufacture of musical instruments
  - #isic3220 - Manufacture of musical instruments
- #isic323 - Manufacture of sports goods
  - #isic3230 - Manufacture of sports goods
- #isic324 - Manufacture of games and toys
  - #isic3240 - Manufacture of games and toys
- #isic325 - Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies
  - #isic3250 - Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies
- #isic329 - Other manufacturing n.e.c.
  - #isic3290 - Other manufacturing n.e.c.
#isic33 - Repair and installation of machinery and equipment
- #isic331 - Repair and installation of machinery and equipment
  - #isic3311 - Repair of fabricated metal products
  - #isic3312 - Repair of machinery
  - #isic3313 - Repair of electronic and optical equipment
  - #isic3314 - Repair of electrical equipment
  - #isic3315 - Repair of transport equipment, except motor vehicles
  - #isic3319 - Repair of other equipment
- #isic332 - Installation of industrial machinery and equipment
  - #isic3320 - Installation of industrial machinery and equipment

To the classification.