7. Basic Circuit Elements
There are several types of basic circuit elements used to construct the electrical circuits. The following are the important basic circuit elements.
- Resistor
- Capacitor
- Transistor
7.1 Resistor
The resistors are used in electronic circuits to reduce the Voltage and Current flow in a certain section. Resistors are based on the Ohm’s Law which specifies the Current passed through a resistence is directly proportional to Voltage when Temperature and Pressure are at constant values.
7.1.1 Color Codes of Resistors
| Color | Value | Value | Multiplier | Tolerance Level | Temperature Co-efficient |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black | 0 | 0 | 1 | Not Used | Not Used |
| Brown | 1 | 1 | 10 | +1% | 100 |
| Red | 2 | 2 | 100 | +2% | 50 |
| Orange | 3 | 3 | 1000 | Not Used | 15 |
| Yellow | 4 | 4 | 10000 | Not Used | 25 |
| Green | 5 | 5 | 100000 | Not Used | 0.5 |
| Blue | 6 | 6 | 1000000 | Not Used | 0.25 |
| Violet | 7 | 7 | 10000000 | Not Used | 0.1 |
| Grey | 8 | 8 | 100000000 | Not Used | Not Used |
| White | 9 | 9 | 1000000000 | Not Used | Not Used |
| Gold | 0.1 | 0.1 | 10000000000 | +5% | Not Used |
| Silver | 0.01 | 0.01 | 100000000000 | +10% | Not Used |
7.2 Capacitor
The capacitors can store some current for a small time. It works by using a Dielectric Region, which is actually a insulator.
7.3 Transistor
The first point contact transistor was invented in 1947 by William Shockly, Walter Brattain, John Bardeen. It was a major breakthrough in the Field of Electronical Engineering. Transistor reduced much of the workload caused by using Vaccum Tubes.