2. AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

2.1 Introduction to Automobile

2.1.1 What does that mean by Automobile?

As usual this term also originates from Greek and Latin. The word automobile comes from French automobile which derived from Greek word auto which means “self” and Latin word mobilis which means “movable”.The full term means Vehicle that moves itself.

2.1.2 What is Automobile Engineering?

The Automobile Engineering refers to the study of Automobiles which can be driven on a Road.

2.1.3 Importance of Automotive Mechanisms

• Wheels need to be rotated to move the vehicle.
• The rotating action should be powered by vehicle’s Engine.
• Engine may need to operate even when the vehicle is stopped.

2.2 Invention of Automobile

2.2.1 Early 19 Century

In the early 19^th Century there were tries to make a Steam Engine run on road. But due to low efficiency about 10% to 20%, the missions were abandoned. The significant trials of Steam driven automobiles are

• Toy built for Chinese Emperor
• Oil-Fired Steam power car
• Steam Buggy

2.2.2 Latter 19 Century

In the latter 19^th Century there were many inventions related to Automobile Industry. The most important inventions are

1. Spark Ignition Concept by Nikolaus Otto
2. Diesel Engine by Rudolph Diesel

2.2.2.1 Spark Ignition Engine

The Spark Ignition Engine designed by Nikolaus Otto is a 4-stroke engine.it was about 30-50% fuel efficient than previous engines. Edward Butler constructed 4-stroke petrol engine in 1884. The 4-stroke petrol engines are used by many car manufacturers till to date.

2.2.2.2 Diesel Engine

Rudolph Diesel seached for a alternative solution which could replace existing Spark Ignition theory. He later achieved his ambitions by using a Fuel made from Crude Oil filtering. The fuel was named as Diesel after his name. The engine worked on the Principle of Compressed Burning. The fuel burns due to high compression.

2.2.3 20 Century

In the 20^th Century ,there were some more inventions regarding the Engine of the Vehile. The power efficiency of the engines improved greatly. In the early 20^th Century, mass production of the cars started. Thus it reduced the overall cost of a car. Ford was the first company to utilise a assembly line production. It was initiated by the owner Henry Ford. The first car to be produced is Ford Model T. The Model T was the 50% of the whole automobile industry as the 10 Millionth Car sold. until 1927 , 15 Million Model T’s sold out and the sales ended. Volkswagen Beetle created a new record in 1972 by selling over 20 Million Models.

2.2.4 21 Century

From the year 2000 to 2013 the Automobile count increased to 900 Million from 500 Million.