A

An IPv4 address resource record in the Domain Name System (DNS). ← Wikipedia

An online magazine that “explores the design, development, and meaning of web content, with a special focus on web standards and best practices.” A List Apart was founded in 1998. ↑ alistapart.com

A user experience research methodology. A/B tests consist of a randomized experiment with two variants, A and B. A/B testing includes the application of statistical hypothesis testing or “two-sample hypothesis testing” as used in the field of statistics. It is a way to compare two versions of a single variable, typically by testing a subject’s response to variant A against variant B, and determining which of the two variants is more effective. ← Wikipedia

→ Accessibility

→ Arrange, act, assert

An IPv6 address resource record in the Domain Name System (DNS). ← Wikipedia

Discrimination and social prejudice against people with physical or mental disabilities. Ableism characterizes people as they are defined by their disabilities, and it also classifies disabled people as inferior to non-disabled people. On this basis, people are assigned or denied certain perceived abilities, skills, or character orientations. ← Wikipedia

The part of a web page that is visible without scrolling.

→ Fully qualified domain name

A mathematical model for data types, where a data type is defined by its behavior (semantics) from the point of view of a user of the data, specifically in terms of possible values, possible operations on data of this type, and the behavior of these operations. ← Wikipedia

A way to reduce complexity and allow efficient design and implementation in complex software systems. Abstractions hide the technical complexity of systems behind simpler APIs. ← MDN Web Docs

A web component framework and website publishing technology developed by Google to “provide a user-first format for web content.” The AMP framework consists of three components: AMP HTML, which is HTML markup with web components, AMP JavaScript, which manages resource loading, and AMP caches, which serve and validate AMP pages. Most AMP pages are delivered by Google’s AMP cache. AMP was released in 2015; support was discontinued in 2021. ← Wikipedia ↑ amp.dev

An HTTP header that is used to specify which client hint headers a client should include in subsequent requests. ← MDN Web Docs

Conditions that are required to be met before deliverables, like a piece of software, are accepted, for example, as part of a contract. Ideally, acceptance criteria are concise and testable.

A development methodology based on communication between the business customers, the developers, and the testers. ATDD aids developers and testers in understanding the customer’s needs prior to implementation, and allow customers to be able to converse in their own domain language. ← Wikipedia

A test conducted to determine if the requirements of a specification or contract are met. In systems engineering it may involve black-box testing performed on a system prior to its delivery. In software testing the ISTQB (International Software Testing Qualifications Board) defines acceptance testing as “formal testing with respect to user needs, requirements, and business processes conducted to determine whether a system satisfies the acceptance criteria and to enable users, customers, or other authorized entities to determine whether to accept the system.” Acceptance testing is also known as user acceptance testing (UAT), end user testing, operational acceptance testing (OAT), acceptance test-driven development (ATDD), or field (acceptance) testing. Acceptance criteria are the criteria that a system or component must satisfy in order to be accepted by a user, customer, or other authorized entity. ← Wikipedia

The selective restriction of access to a place or other resource. The act of accessing may mean consuming, entering, or using. Access management describes the process of using access control. ← Wikipedia

A list of permissions associated with an object. An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects. Each entry in a typical ACL specifies a subject and an operation. ← Wikipedia

In accessibility, a shortcut to jump to a specific web page via the keyboard. Access keys were introduced in 1999 and quickly achieved near-universal browser support. ← Wikipedia

In computer security, security credentials that consist of an access key ID and a secret access key.

→ Server logs

A token that contains the security credentials for a login session and that identifies a user, a user’s groups, a user’s privileges, and, in some cases, a particular application. Typically, one may be asked to enter an access token (e.g., 40 random characters) rather than the usual password (an access token should therefore be kept secret just like a password). ← Wikipedia

The design and development of products, devices, services, and environments so that they are usable by people with disabilities. In the context of the Web it means to make information and services usable by as many people as possible. ← Wikipedia

A document summarizing how a product conforms to applicable accessibility standards. An ACR is usually the result of a completed VPAT (Voluntary Product Accessibility Template).

A rule format for testing conformance with accessibility standards. ↑ w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/act

The deterioration of the accessibility of a website or app over time, when not regularly tested, maintained, and improved.

A W3C framework for establishing an accessibility program and identifying areas for improvement. The Accessibility Maturity Model helps to assess the capabilities and effectiveness of an organization, identify gaps between those capabilities and a next level of accessibility maturity, and plan improvements to the organization’s accessibility performance. ↑ w3.org/TR/maturity-model

A complement to the Document Object Model (DOM) to be used by assistive technology. ↑ wicg.github.io/aom/spec

A software library providing application programming interfaces (APIs) for implementing accessibility support in software. ATK headers files are freely available to help developers who want to make their GUI toolkit accessible. ATK is part of the GNOME Accessibility Framework, which was released in 2001. ← Wikipedia ↑ is.gd/omREhG

→ Accessibility Object Model

A collection of roles, states, and properties that define accessible user interface elements and can be used to improve the accessibility and interoperability of web content and applications. ↑ w3.org/TR/wai-aria

→ Arbitrary code execution

→ Atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability

A range of web standards compliance tests that were set up in 1999 (Acid1), 2005 (Acid2), and 2008 (Acid3). ↑ acidtests.org

A signal that is passed between communicating processes, computers, or devices to signify acknowledgement, or receipt of message, as part of a communications protocol like the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). ← Wikipedia

→ Access Control List

→ Association for Computing Machinery

→ Acqui-hiring

The process of acquiring a company primarily to recruit its employees, rather than its products or services. “Acqui-hiring” is a portmanteau of “acquisition” and “hiring.” The term was first used in 2005. ← Wikipedia

→ Accessibility Conformance Report

→ Atomic CSS

→ Accessibility Conformance Testing

→ Todo

An object-oriented programming language developed by Macromedia (later acquired by Adobe). Though it arose as a sibling, it is now an implementation of ECMAScript, both of which were influenced by the scripting language for HyperCard, HyperTalk. ActionScript is used primarily for the development of websites and software targeting the Adobe Flash Player platform, originally finding use on web pages in the form of embedded SWF files. ← Wikipedia

→ Synthetic monitoring

A design concept that increases operational availability and that reduces operating cost by automating critical maintenance actions. ← Wikipedia

A server-side script engine for dynamically generated web pages. ASP can be written in a scripting language such as VBScript, JScript, or PerlScript. ASP was introduced in 1996 by Microsoft. ← Wikipedia

A performance metric for the success of an Internet product such as a social networking service, online game, or mobile app. It measures how many users visit or interact with the product or service over a given interval. This metric is commonly assessed per month as monthly active users (MAU), per week as weekly active users (WAU), or per day as daily active users (DAU). ← Wikipedia

A software framework that allows applications to share information and functionality, based on the Component Object Model (COM) and Object Linking and Embedding (OLE). ActiveX was introduced in 1996 by Microsoft.

A specification for activity stream protocols, which are used to syndicate activities taken in social web applications and services, similar to those in Facebook’s, Instagram’s, and Twitter’s/X’s. ← Wikipedia ↑ w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core

An open, decentralized social networking protocol based on pump.io’s ActivityPump protocol. ActivityPub provides a client/server API for creating, updating, and deleting content, as well as a federated server-to-server API for delivering notifications and content. It became a W3C Recommendation in 2018. ← Wikipedia ↑ w3.org/TR/activitypub

The final CSS value being applied after having gone through value computation (identifying the winning declaration, and determining the cascaded, specified, computed, and used values).

An aspect of or synonym for agile development.

The loading of web resources depending on the connection type and speed.

Technology specifically designed for and used by people with disabilities. Adaptive technology often refers to electronic and information technology access. It is a subset of assistive technology. ← Wikipedia

→ Application Default Credentials

→ Plugin

A communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a given Internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address. This mapping is a critical function in the Internet protocol suite. ARP was defined in 1982 by RFC 826, which is Internet Standard STD 37. ← Wikipedia

→ ColdFusion

→ Dreamweaver

→ Flash

→ Photoshop

→ Architecture Decision Record

An initiative from the IAB Technology Laboratory that specifies an “ads.txt” text file that companies can host on their web servers, listing the other companies authorized to sell their products or services. This is designed to allow online buyers to check the validity of the sellers from whom they buy, for the purposes of Internet fraud prevention. ads.txt was introduced in 2017. ← Wikipedia

→ Abstract data type

A specification for the encryption of electronic data established in 2001 by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). AES is a subset of the Rijndael block cipher developed by Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen. For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192, and 256 bits, to make AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256, respectively. ← Wikipedia

An open-standard application layer protocol for message-oriented middleware. The defining features of AMQP are message orientation, queuing, routing (including point-to-point and publish-and-subscribe), reliability, and security. The protocol mandates the behavior of the messaging provider and client to the extent that implementations from different vendors are interoperable, in the same way that SMTP, HTTP, FTP, etc. have created interoperable systems. AMQP was created in 2003. ← Wikipedia ↑ amqp.org

A software user interface that works with core libraries to handle the installation and removal of software on Debian, Ubuntu, and related Linux distributions. APT simplifies the process of managing software on Unix-like computer systems by automating the retrieval, configuration, and installation of software packages. ← Wikipedia

A method to calculate color contrast that takes into account perceived contrast of relative luminance. It is deemed to provide a more accurate way of estimating human contrast perception than earlier contrast algorithms. APCA was presented in 2019 by Andrew Somers. ↑ github.com/w3c/wcag/issues/695

A stealthy threat actor, typically a nation state or state-sponsored group, which gains unauthorized access to a computer network and remains undetected for an extended period. In recent times, the term may also refer to non-state-sponsored groups conducting large-scale targeted intrusions for specific goals. The median time an APT attack goes undetected differs widely between regions. ← Wikipedia

→ Authenticated Data Experiment

Application engineering and operations.

→ Advanced Encryption Standard

A coupling metric in software development. Afferent coupling measures the number of incoming connections to a piece of code, like a function, class, or component.

Those action possibilities that are readily perceivable by an actor, that is, an affordance suggests how an object may be interacted with. For example, an underlined word on a web page has the affordance of being clickable. ← Wikipedia

An umbrella term for approaches to project management and software development under which self-organizing, cross-functional teams cooperate with customers and users to produce requirements and solutions. Agile advocates adaptive planning, evolutionary development, early delivery, continuous improvement, and encourages rapid and flexible response to change. ← Wikipedia

→ Manifesto for Agile Software Development

A unit of Agile teams that works together, aligned on a common goal, to incrementally develop, test, and maintain projects. An ART, as a virtual organization, is to contain 50–125 people.

→ Asynchronous HTML and HTTP

→ CIA triad

An early commercial web browser based on the NCSA Mosaic browser. AirMosaic was released in 1994. ← Wikipedia

→ Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

→ Architectural knowledge management

→ A List Apart

→ Notification system

A part of the Prometheus event monitoring and alerting software. Alertmanager processes alerts sent by client applications. ↑ is.gd/MAnK75

→ Algorithmic Language

A finite sequence of well-defined, computer-implementable instructions, typically to solve a class of problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are unambiguous specifications for performing calculation, data processing, automated reasoning, and other tasks. ← Wikipedia

A family of imperative computer programming languages, originally developed in the mid-1950s, which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in textbooks and academic sources for more than 30 years. ← Wikipedia

An effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. Aliasing also often refers to the distortion or artifact that results when a signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal. Aliasing can occur in signals sampled in time, for instance digital audio, and is referred to as temporal aliasing. It can also occur in spatially sampled signals (e.g., moiré patterns in digital images); this type of aliasing is called spatial aliasing. Aliasing is generally avoided by applying low pass filters or anti-aliasing filters (AAF) to the input signal. ← Wikipedia

→ Limited-quirks mode

→ Limited-quirks mode

→ Alpha compositing

The process of combining one image with a background to create the appearance of partial or full transparency. Alpha compositing is often useful to render picture elements (pixels) in separate passes or layers and then combine the resulting 2D images into a single, final image called the composite. Compositing is used extensively in film when combining computer-rendered image elements with live footage. Alpha blending is also used in 2D computer graphics to put rasterized foreground elements over a background. ← Wikipedia

→ Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation

→ Alternative DNS root

A style sheet mutually exclusive to other style sheets, which can be selected for alternative styling. An alternate style sheet is indicated through the alternate keyword, as in <link rel="alternate stylesheet" href=example.css title=Example>.

An alternative domain name system operated by an organization or government, using its own root name servers and custom top-level domains.

A web editor with browsing capabilities. Amaya was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and INRIA from 1996 to 2012.

A unique identifier for an Amazon Web Services (AWS) resource. An ARN follows the format arn:partition:service:region:account-id:resource-id, arn:partition:service:region:account-id:resource-type/resource-id, or arn:partition:service:region:account-id:resource-type:resource-id.

→ Route 53

→ S3

→ Silk

→ SQS

→ Amazon S3

→ SQS

→ Amazon VPC

A commercial cloud computing service that provides users a virtual private cloud, by provisioning a logically isolated section of the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. ← Wikipedia ↑ aws.amazon.com/vpc

A subsidiary of Amazon that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs on a metered pay-as-you-go basis. In aggregate, these cloud computing web services provide a set of primitive abstract technical infrastructure and distributed computing building blocks and tools. AWS technology is implemented at server farms throughout the world. ← Wikipedia ↑ aws.amazon.com

A way to inform the TypeScript compiler that specific source code, like functions or variables, is located elsewhere.

→ Asynchronous Module Definition

A formula which gives the theoretical speed-up in latency of the execution of a task at fixed workload that can be expected of a system whose resources are improved. Amdahl’s Law states that “the overall performance improvement gained by optimizing a single part of a system is limited by the fraction of time that the improved part is actually used.” It is named after computer scientist Gene Amdahl, and was first presented in 1967. ← Wikipedia

A private non-profit organization that, per its mission, “enhances both the global competitiveness of US business and the US quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems, and safeguarding their integrity.” The ANSI was founded in 1918. ↑ ansi.org

A character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII was conceived in 1960 and published in 1963 by the American Standards Association (ASA), now American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

→ Accelerated Mobile Pages

→ Advanced Message Queuing Protocol

→ Web analytics

Technical name for a link, usually referring to the a element.

A TypeScript-based web application framework developed by Google and a community of individuals and corporations. Angular is a complete rewrite of AngularJS, made by the same team that built AngularJS. Angular was released in 2016. ← Wikipedia ↑ angular.dev

A JavaScript-based frontend web framework mainly maintained by Google and a community of individuals and corporations to address challenges encountered in developing single-page applications (SPAs). AngularJS aims to simplify both the development and the testing of such applications by providing a framework for client-side model–view–controller (MVC) and model–view–viewmodel (MVVM) architectures, along with components commonly used in rich Internet applications. AngularJS was first released in 2010 and makes for the frontend part of the MEAN stack. Google no longer updates AngularJS, and the Angular team recommends upgrading to Angular as the best path forward. ← Wikipedia ↑ angularjs.org

A method in which images and graphics are manipulated to appear as moving. In web development, animations are often created using CSS (CSS Animations, CSS Transitions) or JavaScript. ← Wikipedia

Within a block container box, a block-level box forced by the presence of other block-level boxes. In <div>Some text<p>More text</div>, “Some text” resides in an anonymous block-level box because <p> spawns a block-level box.

→ Anonymous block box

A function definition that is not bound to an identifier. Anonymous functions are often arguments being passed to higher-order functions, or used for constructing the result of a higher-order function that needs to return a function. If the function is only used once, or a limited number of times, an anonymous function may be syntactically lighter than using a named function. Anonymous functions are ubiquitous in functional programming languages and other languages with first-class functions. ← Wikipedia

An inline box that does not have an associated inline-level element.

Any text that is directly contained inside a block container element that is not inside an inline element.

Any string of characters that is not contained within an inline element.

→ American National Standards Institute

→ Spatial anti-aliasing

A common response to a recurring problem that is usually ineffective and risks being highly counterproductive, and that has more negative than positive consequences. ← Wikipedia

→ Accessibility Object Model

A video coding format initially designed for video transmissions over the Internet. AV1 was developed as a successor to VP9 by the Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia), a consortium founded in 2015. ← Wikipedia ↑ aomedia.org/av1-features

→ Aspect-oriented programming

→ Apache HTTP Server

→ CloudStack

→ Groovy

A cross-platform web server. The Apache server was first released in 1995. ↑ httpd.apache.org

→ Maven

→ Subversion

→ Tomcat

→ Weex

→ Advanced Perceptual Contrast Algorithm

→ Application programming interface

→ Developer advocacy

An entry point for a system of application programming interfaces (APIs) that takes care of request routing as well as protocol translation. An API gateway also helps mitigate backend issues, for example by offering fallback or cached data.

A company and its collection of tools for GraphQL. Apollo Graph was founded in 2011. ↑ apollographql.com

→ Apollo

→ Apollo

→ Application

→ Application shell

→ Safari

→ Universal Access

Any small application that performs a specific task that runs within the scope of a dedicated widget engine or a larger program, often as a plugin. Usually referring to a Java applet, a program written in the Java programming language that is designed to be placed on a web page. An applet is not a full-featured application program but intended to be easily accessible. ← Wikipedia

A software application that enables the electronic handling of the recruitment and hiring process. An ATS is very similar to a customer relationship management (CRM) system, but designed for recruitment tracking purposes. It has several use cases, including sourcing qualified candidates, posting jobs, parsing resumes, searching and filtering candidate databases, ranking and rating candidates, managing and tracking applicants, scheduling applicant interviews, providing communication support as with automated emails and reminders to candidates and hiring managers, as well as reporting and analytics. ← Wikipedia

A computer program designed to help people perform an activity. An application differs from an operating system (which runs a computer), a utility (which performs maintenance or general-purpose chores), and a programming tool (with which computer programs are created). Depending on the activity for which it was designed, an application can manipulate text, numbers, audio, graphics, and a combination of these elements. Some application packages focus on a single task, such as word processing; others, called integrated software, include several applications. ← Wikipedia

A top-level browsing context that has a manifest applied to it. ← MDN Web Docs

A strategy used by Google authentication libraries to automatically find credentials. ADC searches for credentials in locations like the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable, specific files written when providing credentials using the Google Cloud CLI, and the service account. Using ADC allows to run code in a development or production environment without changing how the application authenticates with Google Cloud services.

An interface or communication protocol between different parts of a computer program intended to simplify the implementation and maintenance of software. An API may be for a web-based system, operating system, database system, computer hardware, or software library. ← Wikipedia

An OWASP project defining a basis for testing web application security and providing developers with requirements for secure development. The ASVS project was started in 2008. ↑ is.gd/67137n

The minimal HTML, CSS, and JavaScript necessary to provide a site or app user interface.

A TLS extension which indicates what application layer protocol is negotiating the encrypted connection without requiring additional round trips. ALPN was specified in 2014 as RFC 7301. ← MDN Web Docs

→ Advanced Package Tool

→ Advanced Persistent Threat

→ Augmented reality

An attacker’s ability to run commands or code of the attacker’s choice on a target machine or in a target process. An arbitrary code execution vulnerability is a security flaw in software or hardware allowing arbitrary code execution. ← Wikipedia

A web browser developed by The Browser Company. Arc was released in 2022 after having undergone a closed beta test. It is available for use on Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android. Arc aims to act as an operating system for the Web, integrating web browsing with built-in applications and features. ← Wikipedia ↑ arc.net

Practices related to collecting, documenting, structuring, and sharing the knowledge gained and applied while architecting software systems.

A document that describes a major software architecture decision, including context and consequences. ADRs can have several states, like whether they have been proposed, accepted, or rejected.

One of the first web browsers for Unix. Originally developed in 1993 by Dave Raggett, development continued at CERN and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and subsequently by Yggdrasil Computing. Arena was used in testing the implementations for HTML 3.0, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Portable Network Graphics (PNG), and libwww. Arena was widely used and popular at the beginning of the World Wide Web. ← Wikipedia

The actual input expression passed or supplied to a function, procedure, or routine in a call or invocation statement. ← Wikipedia

→ Accessible Rich Internet Applications

A set of predefined names that can be used to specify the meaning and purpose of markup elements. Roles can cover abstract use cases, widgets, document structure, landmarks, live regions, and windows, and are set using the role attribute.

The number of arguments or operands taken by a function, operation, or relation. Functions can be labeled accordingly: For example, a nullary function takes no arguments, like ƒ() = 2, and an unary function takes one argument, like ƒ(x) = 2x. ← Wikipedia

→ Amazon Resource Name

→ Address Resolution Protocol

A pattern to organize tests by: Arrange prerequisites and inputs, act on the object or method to be tested, assert the expected results.

A data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), each identified by at least one array index or key. An array is stored such that the position of each element can be computed from its index tuple. The simplest type of data structure is a linear array, also called one-dimensional array. ← Wikipedia

An anonymous function and syntactically compact alternative to a regular function expression, although without its own bindings to the this, arguments, super, or new.target keywords. Arrow functions have their name because of the => character sequence that is part of their syntax, reminding of an arrow. ← MDN Web Docs

→ Agile Release Train

→ American Standard Code for Information Interchange

→ Automatic semicolon insertion

A subset of JavaScript designed to allow computer software written in languages such as C to be run as web applications, while maintaining performance characteristics considerably better than standard JavaScript, the typical language used for such applications. asm.js is superseded by WebAssembly. ← Wikipedia ↑ asmjs.org

→ Active Server Pages

A server-side web application framework designed to build dynamic websites, applications, and services. ASP.NET was first released in 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework, and is the successor to Microsoft’s Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ← Wikipedia ↑ dotnet.microsoft.com/apps/aspnet

A proportional relationship between an image’s width and height. The aspect ratio is commonly expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, as in 16:9. ← Wikipedia

A programming paradigm that aims to increase modularity by allowing the separation of cross-cutting concerns. It does so by adding behavior to existing code (an advice) without modifying the code itself, instead separately specifying which code is modified via a “pointcut” specification, such as “log all function calls when the function’s name begins with ‘set’.” This allows behaviors that are not central to the business logic (such as logging) to be added to a program without cluttering the code core to the functionality. ← Wikipedia

A TypeScript-based programming language that is optimized for, and statically compiled to, WebAssembly (currently using asc, the reference AssemblyScript compiler). Resembling ECMAScript and JavaScript, but with static types, the language is developed by the AssemblyScript Project with contributions from the AssemblyScript community. It was first released in 2017. ← Wikipedia ↑ assemblyscript.org

The setting or resetting of the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words, an assignment statement copies a value into the variable. In most imperative programming languages, the assignment statement (or expression) is a fundamental construct. Today, the most commonly used notation for this basic operation has come to be x = expr (originally Superplan 1949–51, popularized by Fortran 1957 and C) followed by x := expr (originally ALGOL 1958, popularized by Pascal), although there are many other notations in use. ← Wikipedia

Assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices and software for people with disabilities or the elderly population. Assistive technology can ameliorate the effects of disabilities that limit the ability to perform activities of daily living. ← Wikipedia

A platform-neutral framework for providing bidirectional communication between assistive technologies (AT) and applications. AT-SPI is the de facto standard for providing accessibility to free and open desktops, like GNU/Linux or OpenBSD. It is led by the GNOME Project. ← Wikipedia

An international learned society for computing. The ACM was founded in 1947, and is the world’s largest scientific and educational computing community. Its motto is “Advancing Computing as a Science and Profession.” ← Wikipedia ↑ acm.org

A web framework. Astro was released in 2021. ↑ astro.build

→ Application Security Verification Standard

The occurrence of events independent of the main program flow. A common way for dealing with asynchrony in is to provide subroutines that return to their caller an object, sometimes called a future or promise, that represents the ongoing events. ← Wikipedia

A technique and alternative name for updating parts of a web page, without reloading the whole page, by using the XMLHttpRequest object to request data from the respective server. ↑ is.gd/MghZJV

A specification for the JavaScript programming language. AMD defines an API that defines code modules and their dependencies, and loads them asynchronously if desired. Implementations of AMD promise website performance improvements, because AMD implementations load smaller JavaScript files, and then only when they are needed. AMD implementations also suggest fewer page errors, because developers can define dependencies that must load before a module is executed, so the module does not try to use outside code that is not available yet. ← Wikipedia ↑ github.com/amdjs/amdjs-api

A set of web development techniques using web technologies on the client side to create asynchronous web applications. With AJAX, web applications can send and retrieve data from a server asynchronously (in the background) without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. By decoupling the data interchange layer from the presentation layer, AJAX allows web pages and applications to change content dynamically without the need to reload the entire page. In practice, modern implementations commonly utilize JSON instead of XML. ← Wikipedia

A command on Unix-like operating systems, Windows, and ReactOS used to schedule commands to be executed once, at a particular time in the future. ← Wikipedia

→ Assistive technology

→ Authenticated Transfer Protocol

The first word of a CSS at-rule, consisting of an @ character and an identifier (e.g., @import).

A special CSS statement starting with an at-keyword (like @media). The at-rule holds until either the next semicolon or the next block.

→ Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface

→ Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines

→ Acceptance test-driven development

→ Accessibility Toolkit

→ Bitbucket

→ Jira

An XML-based feed format consisting of two web standards, the Atom Syndication Format and the Atom Publishing Protocol (AtomPub or APP).

A CSS architecture that is based on “single-purpose units of style” applied via “short, predictable class names.” ↑ acss.io

A set of properties of database transactions intended to guarantee validity even in the event of errors, power failures, etc. In the context of databases, a sequence of database operations that satisfies the ACID properties (which can be perceived as a single logical operation on the data) is called a transaction. The acronym was coined in 1983 by Andreas Reuter and Theo Härder. ← Wikipedia

→ Applicant tracking system

A property of an object, element, or file. An attribute may also refer to or set the specific value for a given instance. An attribute of an object usually consists of a name and a value; of an element, a type or class name; of a file, a name and extension. Attributes should be considered metadata. ← Wikipedia

The option for a Boolean attribute not to have a value. That is, the attribute alone is enough, so that when the attribute is set without a value, it counts as true. In XML-based languages, attribute minimization is disallowed and attributes must have a value; for example, in XHTML, checked is invalid, and must be written checked="checked".

→ Audit trail

A security-relevant chronological record, set of records, or destination and source of records that provide documentary evidence of the sequence of activities that have affected a specific operation, procedure, event, or device at any time. Audit records typically result from activities such as transactions or communications by individual people, accounts, systems, or other entities. The process that creates an audit trail is typically required to run in a privileged mode, so it can access and supervise all actions from all users; a normal user should not be allowed to stop or change it. ← Wikipedia

An interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory, and olfactory. AR can be defined as a system that fulfills three basic features: a combination of real and virtual worlds, real-time interaction, and accurate 3D registration of virtual and real objects. ← Wikipedia

→ Authenticated Transfer Protocol

A federated protocol for large-scale distributed social applications. The AT Protocol was published in 2022, and is used by Bluesky. ↑ atproto.com

The act of proving an assertion, such as the identity of a computer system user. In contrast with identification, the act of indicating a person or thing’s identity, authentication is the process of verifying that identity. ← Wikipedia

Software that enables the creation of digital content.

Guidelines for designing web content authoring tools that are accessible to authors with disabilities and designed to enable, support, and promote the production of more accessible web content by all authors. ATAG 1.0 became a W3C Recommendation in 2000, and ATAG 2.0 in 2015. ↑ w3.org/TR/ATAG20

The specifying of access rights and privileges to resources, which is related to information security and computer security in general, and to access control in particular. More formally, “to authorize” is to define an access policy. ← Wikipedia

A feature of the JAWS screen reader that automatically switches to forms mode when a form control is encountered, thereby making it easier for users to interact with forms.

A blend of “automatic” and “magic,” referring to an action that is performed automatically but also in a way as to seem magical.

An ECMAScript feature in which a semicolon is automatically inserted when two statements are separated by a line ending or a closing brace (}), or if a line ending follows either of break, continue, return, or throw (restricted production).

A technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human assistance. Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment. ← Wikipedia

The phenomenon of people to pay less attention to an automated system that works reliably (without issues). Automation blindness can lead to not noticing when the respective system fails or behaves unexpectedly.

One type of custom element for a web component. An autonomous custom element is standalone, that is, it does not inherit from standard HTML elements. Autonomous custom elements are used by literally writing them out as HTML elements. ← MDN Web Docs

→ AOMedia Video 1

An image file format that uses AV1 compression algorithms. AVIF competes with HEIC which uses the same container format, built upon ISOBMFF, but HEVC for compression. Version 1.0.0 of the AVIF specification was finalized in 2019. ← Wikipedia

With Amazon Web Services (AWS), a term for one or more data centers with redundant power, networking, and connectivity. An AWS Region consists of several Availability Zones.

→ AV1 Image File Format

An engineering team (or a part of one) that works on code owned by another team (the host team). The away team model is used to mitigate organizational dependencies and temporarily speed up development.

A collection of links to websites, software, or other things deemed awesome and curated by an individual or community. ↑ awesomelists.top

A domain-specific language designed for text processing and typically used as a data extraction and reporting tool. Like sed and grep, it is a filter, and a standard feature of most Unix-like operating systems. The AWK language is a data-driven scripting language consisting of a set of actions to be taken against streams of textual data—either run directly on files or used as part of a pipeline—for purposes of extracting or transforming text. AWK was created in the 1970s at Bell Labs, and its name is derived from the surnames of its authors: Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, and Brian Kernighan. ← Wikipedia ↑ awklang.org

→ Amazon Web Services

A software suite related to accessibility testing, including tools for development, auditing, and monitoring. axe was released and partially open-sourced by Deque Systems. ↑ deque.com/axe

→ Availability Zone

A cloud computing platform developed by Microsoft. Azure offers management, access, and development of applications and services to individuals and organizations through its global infrastructure. It also provides capabilities that are usually not included within other cloud platforms, including software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). Azure supports many programming languages, tools, and frameworks, including Microsoft-specific and third-party software and systems. It was first introduced at the Professional Developers Conference (PDC) in 2008 using the codename “Project Red Dog,” officially launched as “Windows Azure” in 2010, and later renamed to “Microsoft Azure” in 2014. ← Wikipedia ↑ azure.microsoft.com