Kubernetes in Practice
Kubernetes in Practice
About the Book
Kubernetes is here to stay.
In the beginning, there was the monolith. It was easy to deploy and easy to keep it running, we had only one thing (or a few) to keep an eye on.
But it was not perfect. It was hard to scale individual components, changes in one tiny part of the application required a whole redeployment and the lack of clear boundaries could lead to a design that was not-so-great.
The industry started converging to microservice-based architectures. What was before a single application became dozens of services that could be more easily scaled and deployed individually.
But it was not perfect. Having dozens, hundreds, or thousands of services running reliably is no easy task. It was clear we needed a way to orchestrate these applications and services that are now running in containers. That's where Kubernetes comes into play.
Kubernetes is complex, but getting started should be easier.
You start studying Kubernetes. They start talking about cgroups, pid namespaces and overlay networks and you have no idea why you should care. You just want to learn how to run your applications and what Kubernetes brings to the table.
It doesn't need to be this hard.
Kubernetes is, no doubt, a very complex tool, but it does an amazing job at abstracting that complexity from us so we can start using it and learning about what is really important: How do I run my applications reliably?
We will have plenty of time to get down to the nitty-gritty of Kubernetes, but that shouldn't be the focus when you are starting out.
What you will learn:
This book is practical, we will run applications with Kubernetes from chapter one. You will learn everything you need to know to reliably run your own applications, both locally and with a cloud provider. We will see how to scale our applications, different ways to expose them to the outside world, how to deal with configs and secrets our apps need, handle rollouts with zero downtime and more!
Table of Contents
- What Kubernetes brings to the table
- Preparing your environment
- Deploying our first application
- Kubernetes architecture
- A Kubernetes cluster
- The workers
- The master
- Kubectl, our swiss army knife
- Recap
- Pods
- Introduction
- Pods are the atomic unit of scheduling
- Multi-container Pods
- Playing with running pods
- Streaming logs
- Executing commands
- Killing pods
- It’s your turn
- Recap
- Introduction
- Deployments
- Introduction
- Defining our Deployment manifest
- Restarting failed pods
- Scaling up our application
- A note about how containers are scheduled
- Scaling it down
- Rolling out releases
- Controlling the rollout rate
- Using a different rollout strategy
- Dealing with bad releases
- Automatically blocking bad releases
- Keeping applications healthy with liveness probes
- Running custom commands for liveness and readiness probes
- Recap
- Services
- Introduction
- A quick example
- Service Types
- ClusterIP
- NodePort
- LoadBalancer
- ExternalName
- Service Discovery
- DNS
- Environment Variables
- Recap
- Ingress
- Introduction
- Adding an Ingress Controller
- Ingress in action
- Defining rules per host
- Sending the correct
Host
in our local requests
- Sending the correct
- Ingress vs LoadBalancer
- Recap
- Configuring applications with ConfigMaps
- Introduction
- Changing our sample app
- Passing an environment variable to our container
- Extracting configs to a ConfigMap
- Getting all the variables from a ConfigMap
- Mounting configs as files
- Recap
- Using Secrets for sensitive configs
- Introduction
- Using
stringData
- Using
- Mounting Secrets as files
- Environment variables or volume mounts?
- Recap
- Introduction
- Running Jobs
- Introduction
- Running multiple pods
- When jobs fail
- Scheduling Jobs with
CronJob
- Recap
- Kubernetes Web UI
- Organizing resources with namespaces
- Introduction
- Creating a namespace
- Running resources in a different namespace
- How namespaces affect service’s DNS
- Recap
- Managing containers resource usage
- Introduction
- Checking our allocatable resources
- Defining resource requests
- Defining resource limits
- Differences between memory and CPU limits
- Defining default limits and requests with
LimitRange
- Recap
- Understanding the kubeconfig file
- Introduction
- The anatomy of kubeconfig
- The current context
- Providing a different config file
- Recap
- Kubernetes IRL
- Choosing a cloud provider
- Creating a cluster
- Configuring kubectl
- Deploying an application
- Exposing our application
- Using a Load Balancer
- Deploying nginx
- Using an Ingress
- Recap
- Thank you!
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