HTML – The Intuitive Guide
HTML – The Intuitive Guide
About the Book
HTML – The Intuitive Guide takes the visual approach to teaching fundamental knowledge of the HTML language. The book is packed with diagrams and instructions on creating your own Websites and Web Application layouts. Only the most important and vital parts of the language were chosen demonstrating the best of HTML in practical setting.
About the Author
Table of Contents
0.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
0.2 Who Is This Book For? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
0.3 Book Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
0.4 Where Do I Enter HTML Code? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
0.4.1 Windows PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
0.4.2 Mac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
0.5 Integrated Development Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
0.6 Viewing Your Website In a Web Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1 Chapter – Primal HTML 11
1.1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2 Anatomy of an HTML Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.3 Pairing HTML Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4 Closing Tags In Correct Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.5 Nested Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.6 HTML Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.6.1 Multi-line Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.7 Relative, Absolute, Blocking And Inline Elements . . . 17
1.8 When Code Becomes Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.9 Default Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.10 Overnesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.11 Self-Closing Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.12 Tags or Elements? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.13 Using HTML Tags For Their Intended Purpose . . . . . . 21
1.14 Tag Attributes and Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.15 Event Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.16 HTML Document Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.17 DOCTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.18 Specifying Website Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.19 Inline, Internal & External Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2 Chapter II - Working With Color 31
2.1 The Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.2 HTML Elements And Cascading Style Sheets . . . . . . . . 33
2.3 Understanding Hexadecimal Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4 Setting Background and Font Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.5 Using Single CSS Property To Set Multiple Values . . . . 42
2.6 Setting Element's Border Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3 Chapter III Color Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.1 Birds-Eye View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.2 Displaying Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.3 Gradient Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4 Chapter IV – Text 54
4.1 Font Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.2 Google Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.3 Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.4 Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5 Chapter V – Hyperlinks 63
5.1 Creating Hyperlinks Using The Anchor Tag . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.2 Removing The Underline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6 Chapter VI - Working With Images 65
6.1 Background Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
6.1.1 no-repeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6.1.2 background-size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.1.3 object-t: ll|cover|contain|none . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.1.4 background-position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
6.1.5 repeat-x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.1.6 repeat-y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.1.7 Multiple Backgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.1.8 Image Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.1.9 Specifying multiple background images . . . . . . . . . 76
6.1.10 Other background properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.2 Images As HTML Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.3 Changing Image Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.4 Stretching and Rotating Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
7 Chapter VII – Tables 89
7.1 If You Can't Use a Desk Use a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7.2 Using <thead>, <tbody> and <tfoot> . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
7.3 Decorating HTML Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
7.4 Oh, And One More Thing About <th> Tag . . . . . . . . . . . 94
8 Chapter VIII – Forms 96
8.1 Creating Your First Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
8.2 Submitting Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
8.2.1 What Are HTTP Requests? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
8.2.2 GET Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
8.2.3 POST Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
8.3 HTML Form Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
8.4 Hidden Form Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
8.5 Radio Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
8.5.1 Labeling Radio Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
8.5.2 Determining Default Radio Button . . . . . . . . . . . 107
8.6 Checking Form's Values Before Submitting Them . . . . . 107
8.7 HTML5 Form Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
8.7.1 Regular Expression Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
8.7.2 First and Last Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
8.7.3 Usernames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
8.7.4 Email Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
8.7.5 Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
8.7.6 Phone Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
8.7.7 Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
8.8 Clicking The Submit Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
8.9 Using Custom Images To Replace Submit Button . . . . . 119
9 Chapter IX – Thinking In Pixels 121
9.1 Position and Size of HTML Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
9.2 What Are Pixels? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
9.3 Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
9.4 Hierarchies of Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
9.5 Position & Display Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
9.6 Text Spans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
9.7 Default CSS Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
9.8 From Inline to Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
9.9 Top, left, bottom, right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
9.10 HTML Element Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
9.11 Margin, Padding and Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
9.11.1 Changing Properties of Individual Sides of Elements 132
10 Chapter X – Text Behavior 134
10.1 inline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
10.2 block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
10.3 inline-block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
11 Chapter XII – HTML Elements Common Properties 139
11.0.1 Anatomy of HTML Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
11.0.2 Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
11.0.3 Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
11.0.4 Floating Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
11.1 Element Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
11.1.1 Rounded Corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
11.1.2 Z-Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
11.1.3 box-shadow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
11.1.4 Scale, Translate, Rotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
12 Chapter XII – Layout Structure 153
12.1 Flex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
12.2 Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
13 Chapter XIII – Building HTML Layouts 159
13.1 YouTube Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
13.1.1 Layout Scaffold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
13.1.2 Second Level Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
13.1.3 YouTube – Layout Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
13.1.4 YouTube – Source Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
13.2 Twitter Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
13.2.1 Twitter – Breaking down the layout into sections . . . 179
13.2.2 Twitter – Source code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
14 Chapter XIV – Building Web Applications 189
14.1 Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
14.1.1 HTML – Semantic Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
14.1.2 CSS – Element Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
14.1.3 JavaScript – Animating CSS Styles . . . . . . . . . . . 193
14.2 Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
14.2.1 HTML – Application Scaffold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
14.2.2 CSS – Cascading Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
14.2.3 JavaScript – Programming Interactivity . . . . . . . . 201
15 Chapter XV – Creating Meaningful Websites 205
15.1 MetaTags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
15.1.1 Facebook Post Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
15.1.2 Twitter Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
16 Thank You 210
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