Daily C++ Interview
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Daily C++ Interview

Prepare yourself for your next interview one question a day

About the Book

This book helps you prepare for your next C++ technical interview if you are looking for an entry- or intermediate level position.

The questions are mostly not about edge cases and brain teasers but they cover the realistic knowledge you'll need to get a developer position in the C++ world.

The idea is that you take one question a day, you try to figure it out it on your own and then you check the answer in the book, plus the references.

The book covers topics such as:

  • `auto` and type deduction
  • The different usages of `static`
  • Polymorphism, inheritance and virtual functions
  • Lambda functions
  • How to use the const qualifier
  • Some best practices in modern C++
  • References, universal references, a bit of a mixture
  • C++20
  • Special function and the rules of how many
  • The Standard Template Library

About the Author

Sandor Dargo
Sandor Dargo

I am a C++ software craftsman with strong Python working in the tourism and hospitality industry and an enthusiastic blogger writing about coding, books, and the importance of stoic philosophy in a software developer's life.

I moved to software development from database operations which means that I don't just care about delivering a product as fast as possible, but I do understand the importance of stability and maintainability.

I'm passionate about delivering clean solutions, but I find even more important to help my teams to constantly raise the bar and to (re)focus on quality and clean code. I do this by explaining how high-quality work will help them in their individual careers, by introducing more meaningful development processes and automation and by teaching them industry best practices. 

Table of Contents

  • Introduction
  • The different typical interview processes
    • The Big Tech style interview process
    • The shorter interview process
  • auto and type deduction
    • Question 1: Explain auto type deduction!
    • Question 2: When can auto deduce undesired types?
    • Question 3: What are the advantages of using auto?
    • Question 4: What is the type of myCollection after the following declaration?
    • Question 5: What are trailing return types?
    • Question 6: Explain decltype!
    • Question 7: When to use decltype(auto)?
    • Question 8: Which data type do you get when you add two bools?
  • The keyword static and its different usages
    • Question 9: What does a static member variable in C++ mean?
    • Question 10: What does a static member function mean in C++?
    • Question 11: What is the static initialization order fiasco?
    • Question 12: How to solve the static initialization order fiasco?
  • Polymorphism, inheritance and virtual functions
    • Question 13: What is the difference between function overloading and function overriding?
    • Question 14: What is a virtual function?
    • Question 15: What is the override keyword and what are its advantages?
    • Question 16: Explain the concept of covariant return types and show a use-case where it comes in handy!
    • Question 17: What is virtual inheritance in C++ and when should you use it?
    • Question 18: Should we always use virtual inheritance? If yes, why? If not, why not?
    • Question 19: What’s the output of the following sample program? Is that what you’d expect? Why? Why not?
    • Question 20: Can you access the public and protected members and functions of a base class if you have private inheritance?
    • Question 21: What is private inheritance used for?
    • Question 22: Can you call a virtual function from a constructor or a destructor?
    • Question 23: What role does a virtual destructor play?
    • Question 24: Can we inherit from a standard container (such as std::vector)? If so what are the implications?
    • Question 25: What does a strong type mean and what advantages does it have?
    • Question 26: Explain short-circuit evaluation
    • Question 27: What is a destructor and how can we overload it?
    • Question 28: What is the output of the following piece of code and why?
    • Question 29: How to use the = delete specifier in C++?
  • Lambda functions
    • Question 30: What are immediately invoked lambda functions?
    • Question 31: What kind of captures are available for lambda expressions?
  • How to use the const qualifier in C++
    • Question 32: What is the output of the following piece of code and why?
    • Question 33: What are the advantages of using const local variables?
    • Question 34: Is it a good idea to have const members in a class?
    • Question 35: Does it make sense to return const objects by value?
    • Question 36: How should you return const pointers from a function?
    • Question 37: Should functions return const references?
    • Question 38: Should you take plain old data types by const reference as a function parameter?
    • Question 39: Should you pass objects by const reference as a function parameter?
    • Question 40: Does the signature of a function declaration has to match the signature of the function definition?
    • Question 41: Explain what consteval and constinit bring to C++?
  • Some best practices in modern C++
    • Question 42: What is aggregate initialization?
    • Question 43: What are explicit constructors and what are their advantages?
    • Question 44: What are user-defined literals?
    • Question 45: Why should we use nullptr instead of NULL or 0?
    • Question 46: What advantages does alias have over typedef?
    • Question 47: What are the advantages of scoped enums over unscoped enums?
    • Question 48: Should you explicitly delete unused/unsupported special functions or declare them as private?
    • Question 49: How to use the = delete specifier in C++?
    • Question 50: What is a trivial class in C++?
  • Smart pointers
    • Question 51: Explain the Resource acquisition is initialization (RAII) idiom
    • Question 52: When should we use unique pointers?
    • Question 53: What are the reasons to use shared pointers?
    • Question 54: When to use a weak pointer?
    • Question 55: What are the advantages of std::make_shared and std::make_unique compared to the new operator?
    • Question 56: Should you use smart pointers over raw pointers all the time?
    • Question 57: When and why should we initialize pointers to nullptr?
  • References, universal references, a bit of a mixture
    • Question 58: What does std::move move?
    • Question 59: What does std::forward forward?
    • Question 60: What is the difference between universal and rvalue references?
    • Question 61: What is reference collapsing?
    • Question 62: When constexpr functions are evaluated?
    • Question 63: When should you declare your functions as noexcept?
  • C++20
    • Question 64: What are concepts in C++?
    • Question 65: What are the available standard attributes in C++?
    • Question 66: What is 3-way comparison?
    • Question 67: Explain what consteval and constinit bring to C++?
    • Question 68: What are modules and what advantages do they bring?
  • Special function and the rules of how many?
    • Question 69: Explain the rule of three
    • Question 70: Explain the rule of five
    • Question 71: Explain the rule of zero
    • Question 72: What does std::move move?
    • Question 73: What is a destructor and how can we overload it?
    • Question 74: Should you explicitly delete unused/unsupported special functions or declare them as private?
    • Question 75: What is a trivial class in C++?
    • Question 76: What advantages does having a default constructor have?
  • Object oriented design, inheritance, polymorphism
    • Question 77: What are the differences between a class and a struct?
    • Question 78: What is constructor delegation?
    • Question 79: Explain the concept of covariant return types and show a use-case where it comes in handy!
    • Question 80: What is the difference between function overloading and function overriding?
    • Question 81: What is the override keyword and what are its advantages?
    • Question 82: Explain what is a friend class or a friend function
    • Question 83: What are default arguments? How are they evaluated in a C++ function?
    • Question 84: What is this pointer and can we delete it?
    • Question 85: What is virtual inheritance in C++ and when should you use it?
    • Question 86: Should we always use virtual inheritance? If yes, why? If not, why not?
    • Question 87: What does a strong type mean and what advantages does it have?
    • Question 88: What are user-defined literals?
    • Question 89: Why shouldn’t we use boolean arguments?
    • Question 90: Distinguish between shallow copy and deep copy
    • Question 91: Are class functions taken into consideration as part of the object size?
    • Question 92: What does dynamic dispatch mean?
    • Question 93: What are vtable and vpointer?
    • Question 94: Should base class destructors be virtual?
    • Question 95: What is an abstract class in C++?
    • Question 96: Is it possible to have polymorphic behaviour without the cost of virtual functions?
    • Question 97: How would you add functionality to your classes with the Curiously Recurring Template Pattern (CRTP)?
    • Question 98: What are the good reasons to use init() functions to initialize an object?
  • Observable behaviours
    • Question 99: What is observable behaviour of code?
    • Question 100: What are the characteristics of an ill-formed C++ program?
    • Question 101: What is unspecified behaviour?
    • Question 102: What is implementation-defined behaviour?
    • Question 103: What is undefined behaviour in C++?
    • Question 104: What are the reasons behind undefined behaviour’s existence?
    • Question 105: What approaches to take to avoid undefined behaviour?
    • Question 106: What is iterator invalidation? Give a few examples.
  • The Standard Template Library
    • Question 107: What is the STL?
    • Question 108: What are the advantages of algorithms over raw loops?
    • Question 109: Do algorithms validate ranges?
    • Question 110: Can you combine containers of different sizes?
    • Question 111: How is a vector’s memory layout organized?
    • Question 112: Can we inherit from a standard container (such as std::vector)? If so what are the implications?
    • Question 113: What is the type of myCollection after the following declaration?
    • Question 114: What are the advantages of const_iterators over iterators?
    • Question 115: Binary search an element with algorithms!
    • Question 116: What is an Iterator class?
  • Miscalleanous
    • Question 117: Can you call a virtual function from a constructor or a destructor?
    • Question 118: What are default arguments? How are they evaluated in a C++ function?
    • Question 119: Can virtual functions have default arguments?
    • Question 120: Should base class destructors be virtual?
    • Question 121: What is the function of the keyword mutable?
    • Question 122: What is the function of the keyword volatile?
    • Question 123: What is an inline function?
    • Question 124: What do we catch?
    • Question 125: What are the differences between references and pointers?
    • Question 126: Which of the following variable declarations compile and what would be the value of a?
    • Question 127: What will the line of code below print out and why?
    • Question 128: Explain the difference between pre- and post-increment/decrement operators
    • Question 129: What are the final values of a, b and c?
    • Question 130: Does this string declaration compile?
    • Question 131: What are Default Member Initializers in C++?
    • Question 132: What is the most vexing parse?
    • Question 133: Does this code compile? If yes, what does it do? If not, why not?
    • Question 134: What is std::string_view and why should we use it?
    • Question 135: How to check if a string starts or ends with a certain substring?
    • Question 136: What is RVO?
    • Question 137: How can we ensure the compiler performs RVO?
    • Question 138: What are the primary and mixed value categories in C++?
    • Question 139: Can you safely compare signed and unsigned integers?
    • Question 140: What is the return value of main and what are the available signatures?
    • Question 141: Should you prefer default arguments or overloading?
    • Question 142: How many variables should you declare on a line?
    • Question 143: Should you prefer a switch statement or chained if statements?
    • Question 144: What are include guards?
    • Question 145: Should you use angle brackets(<filename>) or double quotes(“filename”) to include?
    • Question 146: How many return statements should you have in a function?

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